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Skeletal Physiology and Bone Formation

Learn about bone physiology, skeletal system functions, and bone formation processes. Topics include osteons, epiphysis, diaphysis, interstitial growth, appositional growth, osteoporosis, and fracture healing.

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Skeletal Physiology and Bone Formation

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  1. Notes Skeletal Physiology "183 nights between 20 March and 20 September times 7 hours per night of candle usage equals 1,281 hours for a half year of candle usage. Multiplying by 100,000 families gives 128,100,000 hours by candlelight. Each candle requires half a pound of tallow and wax, thus a total of 64,050,000 pounds. At a price of thirty sols per pounds of tallow and wax (two hundred sols make one livre tournois), the total sum comes to 96,075,000 livre tournois.” Benjamin Franklin on the purpose of daylight savings time To learn about bone physiology. Title: Anat & Phys 11/2/06 Class Topics Objectives: Thursday, December 19, 20192:48 PM

  2. Class Assignments What By When • Skeletal System Test 11/8/06 • Due this class period • Due next class period • Due in the future

  3. Review • Draw an osteon • Label – osteonic canal, lamellae, lacunae, osteocyte, canaliculi • Name three bones formed in intramembranous bone formation • Name 4 functions of the skeletal system and a bone that serves for each function • Explain the differences between epiphysis and diaphysis • Location, bone, marrow, function of marrow

  4. Functions of the Skeletal System • Protection • Support • Movement • Storage of Calcium • Blood Cell formation

  5. Walden Henry David Thoreau (1817 – 1862) • I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, to discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and to be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. • “Dead Poets Society”

  6. From: http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20H%20Skeletal%20System.htm From: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/canalicl.jpg

  7. From: http://137.222.110.150/calnet/musculo/page4.htm

  8. Intersititial Growth (length) • Occurs at epiphyseal plate • chondrocytes divide and move material toward epiphysis • Closer to the diaphysis older cartilage converts to bone - increase length of diaphysis • Chondrocytes stop growing when acted upon by hormones from the pituitary gland

  9. From: http://137.222.110.150/calnet/musculo/page4.htm

  10. Interstitial Growth • Epiphyseal line • old epiphyseal plate in those that have ceased growth http://137.222.110.150/calnet/musculo/page4.htm

  11. Appositional Growth (width) • Osteoblasts lay down bone on surface • Osteoclasts dissolve bone • Osteoblasts work harder than osteoclasts • weight bearing exercise

  12. Bone Remodeling • Continually broken down and built back up • every 30 years each bone is completely renewed

  13. Osteoporosis Essay • What? • Who? • Gender • Race

  14. Osteoporosis Essay • When? • Why? • Risk factors • Ways to avoid • Activities • diet

  15. Risk factors? • Gender • Women have smaller skeletal structures • Larger women are less likely to get osteoporosis • Lack of estrogen • Removal of ovaries (one or both) • lack of exercise • Weight bearing exercise • Diet • Calcium • Phosphoric acid • Caffeine • Smoking • Lowers levels of hormones • Drinking • Reduces ability of bone cells • Genetics • Family history • “Race” • Asian and caucasian more likely

  16. From: http://www.arc.org.uk/about_arth/booklets/6028/6028.htm From: http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/whusa02/Page_51.htm

  17. Fractures • Simple • greenstick - incomplete • Stress???? • complete • communited - fragmentation • Compound • pierces the skin

  18. From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1wrist/wrfx2l.html

  19. From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1wrist/wrifxl.html

  20. From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1elbow/1armxl.html

  21. Healing fractures • Immediately • swelling, blood clot, lymphocytes • 48 hours • procallus - protein matrix • Several days • fibroblasts lay down periosteum • chondroblasts and osteoblasts get to work • 4-6 weeks • osseous callus - internal splint - ends cemented together

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