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Word Matters - An introduction to medical writing Kehong Zhang, MD, PhD

Word Matters - An introduction to medical writing Kehong Zhang, MD, PhD Editorial Director, Ivy Editing - China Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School (2003 － 2007) Tel: 021-61390110; E-mail: paper@the ivy editing.com Website: www.the ivy editing.com. Ross Baldessarini, MD, DSc

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Word Matters - An introduction to medical writing Kehong Zhang, MD, PhD

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  1. Word Matters - An introduction to medical writing Kehong Zhang, MD, PhD Editorial Director, Ivy Editing - China Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School (2003－2007) Tel: 021-61390110; E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com Website: www.theivyediting.com

  2. Ross Baldessarini, MD, DSc Professor, Harvard Medical School Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing What is a manuscript? E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  3. James O’Donnell, PhD Professor, West Virginia Univ Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing A manuscript is: - a product for sale E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  4. Bryan Hurley, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - immunology, Ivy Editing A manuscript is: - a product for sale - a girl hunting for a husband E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  5. Arne Nystuen, PhD Assistant Professor, Univ. of Nebraska Group Leader - genetics, Ivy Editing Leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphism in obesity: a combination effect in Chinese population The Path of Misery - Obesity - Obes Metab - Milan E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  6. Kai Sonntag, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - neuroscience, Ivy Editing Multiple genes interact with environmental provocations to modify obesity risk. Leptin, a important signal in the regulation of adipose-tissue mass, operate by inhibiting food intake and stimulating energy expenditure.The biologic activities of leptin are carried out through selective binding of leptin receptor. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  7. Anne O’Donnell, MD, PhD Boston Children Hospital Group Leader - clinical studies, Ivy Editing Multiple genes interact with environmental provocations to modify obesity risk.Leptin, a important signal in the regulation of adipose-tissue mass, operate by inhibiting food intake and stimulating energy expenditure.The biologic activities of leptin are carried out through selective binding of leptin receptor. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  8. Bo Cui, MD, PhD Deputy Editor-in-Chief, J Biomed Res Group Leader - tumor biology, Ivy Editing Multiple genes interact with environmental provocations to modify obesity risk.Leptin, a important signal in the regulation of adipose-tissue mass,operateby inhibiting food intake and stimulating energy expenditure.The biologic activities of leptin are carried out through selective binding of leptin receptor. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  9. Jesse Potash, PhD Free-lance, formerly an editor at Nature Methods Group Leader - cell biology, Ivy Editing Multiple genes interact with environmental provocations to modify obesity risk. Leptin, a important signal in the regulation of adipose-tissue mass,operate by inhibiting food intake and stimulating energyexpenditure.Thebiologic activities of leptin are carried out through selective binding of leptin receptor. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  10. Ross Baldessarini, MD, DSc Professor, Harvard Medical School Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  11. James O’Donnell, PhD Professor, West Virginia Univ Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing The barriers: - English language? E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  12. Bryan Hurley, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - immunology, Ivy Editing 有色金属 E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  13. Arne Nystuen, PhD Assistant Professor, Univ. of Nebraska Group Leader - genetics, Ivy Editing non-ferrous metals E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  14. Kai Sonntag, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - neuroscience, Ivy Editing The barriers: - English language? - Beyond language E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  15. Anne O’Donnell, MD, PhD Boston Children Hospital Group Leader - clinical studies, Ivy Editing Title Idarubicin vs. daunorubicin in combination with Ara-C as induction treatment for de novo acute myeloid leukemia E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  16. Bo Cui, MD, PhD Deputy Editor-in-Chief, J Biomed Res Group Leader - tumor biology, Ivy Editing Methods Medical records of 242 AML patients receiving Ara-C plus idarubicin or daunorubicin as induction treatment between 2002 and 2011 were reviewed. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  17. Jesse Potash, PhD Free-lance, formerly an editor at Nature Methods Group Leader - cell biology, Ivy Editing Methods Medical records of 242 AML patients receiving Ara-C plus idarubicin or daunorubicin as induction treatment between 2002 and 2011 were reviewed. …. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  18. Ross Baldessarini, MD, DSc Professor, Harvard Medical School Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing Lesson #1 - Use your brain E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  19. James O’Donnell, PhD Professor, West Virginia Univ Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing Results The levels of uric acid after urikase treatment were significantly lower as compared to the baseline level before the treatment (p<0.05). E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  20. Bryan Hurley, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - immunology, Ivy Editing Results The levels of uric acid after urikase treatment were significantly lower as compared to the baseline level before the treatment (p<0.05). E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  21. Arne Nystuen, PhD Assistant Professor, Univ. of Nebraska Group Leader - genetics, Ivy Editing The levels of uric acid after urikase treatment were significantly lower as compared to the baseline level before the treatment (p<0.05). Urikase treatment decreased serum uric acid (p<0.05 vs. the baseline). E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  22. Kai Sonntag, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - neuroscience, Ivy Editing The levels of uric acid after urikase treatment were significantly lower as compared to the baseline level before the treatment (p<0.05). Urikase treatment decreased serum uric acid (p<0.05 vs. the baseline). E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  23. Anne O’Donnell, MD, PhD Boston Children Hospital Group Leader - clinical studies, Ivy Editing • Lesson #2 • Keep it simple E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  24. Bo Cui, MD, PhD Deputy Editor-in-Chief, J Biomed Res Group Leader - tumor biology, Ivy Editing International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 67:888-896, 2007 Due to the complex molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme, therapeutic strategies are evolving from cytotoxic therapies to molecular approaches which target specific signaling cascades that promote tumor growth such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  25. Jesse Potash, PhD Free-lance, formerly an editor at Nature Methods Group Leader - cell biology, Ivy Editing International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 67:888-896, 2007 Due to the complex molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme,therapeutic strategies are evolving from cytotoxic therapies to molecular approaches which target specific signaling cascades that promote tumor growth such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  26. Ross Baldessarini, MD, DSc Professor, Harvard Medical School Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 67:888-896, 2007 Due to the complex molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme,therapeutic strategies are evolving from cytotoxic therapies to molecular approacheswhich target specific signaling cascades that promote tumor growth such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  27. James O’Donnell, PhD Professor, West Virginia Univ Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 67:888-896, 2007 Due to the complex molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme, therapeutic strategies are evolving from cytotoxic therapies to molecular approaches which target specific signaling cascadesthat promote tumor growth such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  28. Bryan Hurley, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - immunology, Ivy Editing International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 67:888-896, 2007 Due to the complex molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme, therapeutic strategies are evolving from cytotoxic therapies to molecular approaches which target specific signaling cascades that promote tumor growthsuch as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  29. Arne Nystuen, PhD Assistant Professor, Univ. of Nebraska Group Leader - genetics, Ivy Editing International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 67:888-896, 2007 Due to the complex molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme, therapeutic strategies are evolving from cytotoxic therapies to molecular approaches which target specific signaling cascades that promote tumor growth such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),a rate-limiting enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  30. Kai Sonntag, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - neuroscience, Ivy Editing International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 67:888-896, 2007 Due to the complex molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme, therapeutic strategies are evolving from cytotoxic therapies to molecular approaches which target specific signaling cascades that promote tumor growth such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  31. Anne O’Donnell, MD, PhD Boston Children Hospital Group Leader - clinical studies, Ivy Editing International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 67:888-896, 2007 Due to the complex molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme, therapeutic strategies are evolving from cytotoxic therapies to molecular approacheswhich target specific signaling cascades that promote tumor growth such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  32. Bo Cui, MD, PhD Deputy Editor-in-Chief, J Biomed Res Group Leader - tumor biology, Ivy Editing Despite of the complex molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme, therapeutic strategy is evolving from cytotoxic to molecular approaches. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  33. Jesse Potash, PhD Free-lance, formerly an editor at Nature Methods Group Leader - cell biology, Ivy Editing Despite of the complex molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme, therapeutic strategy is evolving from cytotoxic to molecular approaches. Activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandinbiosynthesis, promotes tumor growth, and therefore represents a promising target for intervention. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  34. Ross Baldessarini, MD, DSc Professor, Harvard Medical School Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing Lesson #3 - One thing at a time E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  35. James O’Donnell, PhD Professor, West Virginia Univ Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing Results IL-1 kidney level was significantly different between the H and M groups compared with the C group. However, the L group was not statistically different from the C group. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  36. Bryan Hurley, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - immunology, Ivy Editing Results IL-1 kidney level was significantly different between the H and M groups compared with the C group. However, the L group was not statistically different from the C group. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  37. Arne Nystuen, PhD Assistant Professor, Univ. of Nebraska Group Leader - genetics, Ivy Editing Methods The control group (C group) received vehicle. The remaining 3 groups received metformin at low (L group; 62.5 mg/kg/d), middle (M group; 125 mg/kg/d), and high (H group; 250 mg/kg/d) doses, respectively. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  38. Kai Sonntag, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - neuroscience, Ivy Editing Results IL-1 kidney level was significantly different between the H and M groups compared with the C group. However, the L group was not statistically different from the C group. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  39. Anne O’Donnell, MD, PhD Boston Children Hospital Group Leader - clinical studies, Ivy Editing Results IL-1 kidney level was significantly different between the H and M groups compared with the C group. However, the L group was not statistically different from the C group. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  40. Bo Cui, MD, PhD Deputy Editor-in-Chief, J Biomed Res Group Leader - tumor biology, Ivy Editing IL-1 kidney level was significantly different between the H and M groups compared with the C group. However, the L group was not statistically different from the C group. Chronic metformin treatment decreased kidney IL-1 level in diabetic rats at 125 and 250 mg/kg/d (p<0.05 vs. vehicle control for both), but not at a lower dose of 62.5 mg/kg/d. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  41. Jesse Potash, PhD Free-lance, formerly an editor at Nature Methods Group Leader - cell biology, Ivy Editing IL-1 kidney level was significantly different between the H and M groups compared with the C group. However, the L group was not statistically different from the C group. Chronic metformin treatment decreased kidney IL-1 level in diabetic rats at 125 and 250 mg/kg/d (p<0.05 vs. vehicle control for both), but not at a lower dose of 62.5 mg/kg/d. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  42. Ross Baldessarini, MD, DSc Professor, Harvard Medical School Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing Lesson #4 - Make it easy for the reviewers E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  43. James O’Donnell, PhD Professor, West Virginia Univ Editorial Advisor, Ivy Editing title Effects of dopamine D4 receptor antagonists in a primate model of social interaction E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  44. Bryan Hurley, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - immunology, Ivy Editing The neurotransmitter dopamine produces its action via five G-protein coupled receptors. These receptor could be classified into two subfamilies: the D1-like and D2-like receptors. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  45. Arne Nystuen, PhD Assistant Professor, Univ. of Nebraska Group Leader - genetics, Ivy Editing The neurotransmitter dopamine produces its action via five G-protein coupled receptors. These receptor could be classified into two subfamilies: the D1-like and D2-like receptors. …………… E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  46. Kai Sonntag, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Group Leader - neuroscience, Ivy Editing The neurotransmitter dopamine produces its action via five G-protein coupled receptors. These receptor could be classified into two subfamilies: the D1-like and D2-like receptors. …… Schizophrenia is a devastating developmental disease that affects approximately 1% of the overall population. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  47. Anne O’Donnell, MD, PhD Boston Children Hospital Group Leader - clinical studies, Ivy Editing The neurotransmitter dopamine produces its action via five G-protein coupled receptors. These receptor could be classified into two subfamilies: the D1-like and D2-like receptors. …… Schizophrenia is a devastating developmental disease that affects approximately 1% of the overall population. …… E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  48. Bo Cui, MD, PhD Deputy Editor-in-Chief, J Biomed Res Group Leader - tumor biology, Ivy Editing The neurotransmitter dopamine produces its action via five G-protein coupled receptors. These receptor could be classified into two subfamilies: the D1-like and D2-like receptors. …… Schizophrenia is a devastating developmental disease that affects approximately 1% of the overall population. …… Despite of extensive research effort, the molecular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia remains poorly understood. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

  49. Jesse Potash, PhD Free-lance, formerly an editor at Nature Methods Group Leader - cell biology, Ivy Editing The neurotransmitter dopamine produces its action via five G-protein coupled receptors. These receptor could be classified into two subfamilies: the D1-like and D2-like receptors. …… Schizophrenia is a devastating developmental disease that affects approximately 1% of the overall population. …… Despite of extensive research effort, the molecular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia remains poorly understood. Dysfunction of D2 receptors is the prevailing hypothesis. E-mail: paper@theivyediting.com; Tel: 021-61390110

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