FLIGHT TEST SAFETY WORKSHOP

1. FLIGHT TEST SAFETY WORKSHOP FAA Approval of Highly Integrated Avionics Systems Flight Test Safety Workshop Jim Richmond Aircraft Certification Service Flight Program Manager November 11, 2009

2. The Concern • There are few specific rules or guidance for flight test of avionics systems • While integrated cockpits improve situational awareness and safety, flight test must ensure pilots can effectively cope with new avionics in all situations • Flight test knowledge of system architecture is essential in evaluating integrated avionics systems

10. Sources of FAA Policy for Avionics • FAA Advisory material • RTCA Documents • DO-178B • SAE Documents • ARP-4754 • Policy Conflicts -- ARP takes precedence for software level determination

11. Significant changes in Avionics Three areas of change • Satellite based navigation • System integration • Pathway presentation

12. Global Constellations GPS (24+) [31] GLONASS (30) [20] Galileo (27) [2+] Compass (35) [2] Satellite-Based Augmentations WAAS (3) MSAS (2) EGNOS (3) GAGAN (3) SDCM (2) Status of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Satellite Based Navigation 12

13. Current State of GPS Approaches • WAAS performance standard released October 31, 2008 • FAA has now published over 1,600 LPV approach procedures based on WAAS • More WAAS-supported LPV approaches than Cat I ILS approaches • WAAS-capable GPS receivers are specified in FAA Technical Standard Orders 145 & 146

14. PATH DISPLAY GNSS RECEIVER FMS CDU AFCS Typical GPS System Architecture ANNUNCIATIONS

15. LPV & LNAV/VNAVApproach Architecture Linear Deviation Angular Deviation

16. Systems Integration • Flat panels doing everything Attitude Nav/Com Airspeed Clock Altimeter Engine gages Heading Temperature Fuel Other

18. Integrated Avionics Suppliers Partial list Aspen Avidyne Becker Blue Mountain Chelton Dynon Garmin Honeywell Insight Instruments IS&S L-3 Lowrance NARCO OP Tech Panasonic Rockwell Collins Sagem Sandel Shadin Tru Trak Universal

19. Aspen

21. Avidyne

22. Avio NG

24. Garmin G1000

25. Honeywell APEX

26. L-3 Smartdeck

27. Rockwell Collins

28. Universal

29. Bendix-King

30. Sandel

31. Sagem

32. Dynon

34. Pathway Presentation • LNAV/VNAV & WAAS based LPV Approaches • Transparent pathway • Highway In The Sky (HITS) • Perception that this is new technology • Reality is that HITS is essentially a 3 dimensional flight director • Appropriate flight path guidance required • Model is usually HUD based • Flight path vector symbol

35. Current Areas of Concern • WAAS LPV Approaches • Misleading Approach Guidance during a WAAS LPV Approach is classified as Hazardous • Use of FMS for WAAS LPV approaches • Envelope Protection • Implementation • Human Factors elements • New Avionics Suites • Display compression • What information to display • Implementation of Highway In The Sky (HITS)

36. To be remembered • There are few specific rules or guidance for flight test of avionics systems • Integrated cockpits can improve situational awareness and improve safety but flight test must ensure the pilot can effectively cope with the new avionics in all situations • Knowledge of system architecture is essential in evaluating integrated avionics systems

37. FLIGHT TEST SAFETY WORKSHOP FAA Approval of Highly Integrated Avionics Systems Flight Test Safety Workshop Jim Richmond Aircraft Certification Service Flight Program Manager November 11, 2009

38. Definitions • Hazardous • Failure conditions that would reduce the capability of the airplane or the ability of the crew to cope with adverse operating conditions to the extent that there would be the following: • A large reduction in safety margins or functional capabilities; • Physical distress or higher workload such that the flight crew cannot be relied upon to perform their tasks accurately or completely; or • Serious or fatal injury to an occupant other than the flight crew.