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Illness continued

This overview delves into the symbolic interactionist perspective on health and illness, highlighting how labels and stigma attached to various conditions, such as mental illness and AIDS, can profoundly affect treatment and societal response. The discussion includes the epidemiology of health in the U.S., emphasizing data on fertility, mortality, and morbidity rates, while also addressing the alarming rise in obesity rates. Additionally, potential solutions for improving health care access and managing illness through education and policy are explored to promote a healthier society.

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Illness continued

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  1. Illness continued Today Measuring Health Health in the U.S. Health Globally

  2. The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective We attach labels (some very negative) to various illnesses • Ex: AIDS, mental illness, physical disabilities • May be treated differently

  3. The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective obsessive-compulsive disorder schizophrenia clinical depression attention-deficit disorder bipolar disorder post-traumatic stress disorder anorexia bulimia social anxiety disorder post-partum depression Stigma related to mental illness can be harmful • Others don’t understand - stress • Fear of getting help • Discrimination at work or school • Bullying, physical violence, or harassment • Health insurance may not cover needs

  4. Epidemiology(epa-dimi-ology) Study of patterns in frequency of -sickness -injury -death

  5. Measure health based on 3 factors • Fertility: • birthrate • 2. Mortality: • # of deaths • 3. Morbidity: • rate of diseases

  6. Infant mortality: Rate of infant deaths for children less than 1 year old Strong indication of health of a nation High in the U.S.

  7. Health Trends in the U.S. • #1 Leading cause of death • Heart disease • 2nd • Cancer • Deaths from both have decreased since 1950’s Source: CDC (Center for Disease Control)

  8. Health Trends in the U.S. • U.S. spends more $ on health care than any other country Source: CDC (Center for Disease Control)

  9. Solutions • National health insurance • Compulsory, employer-financed health insurance • HMO’s and Managed Care • PPO’s • New health care practitioners • Self-care and changing life-styles • Medicare and Medicaid Think of pros and cons of each option Which solutions seems best to you? Why? Which solution seems worst? Why?

  10. The Growing Problem of Obesity • 2/3 of U.S. adults are overweight or obese • # of overweight children and has grown 12% (since 1970’s)

  11. Use your sociological imagination Childhood obesity: At 8 years of age, Connor weighs 218 pounds. Sociological Perspective Individual Perspective Focus on personal characteristics Focus on the influence of society • media • corporations/companies • education/schooling • time, place • culture, religion • government (laws, policies) • peers, family • technology • biology • genetics • personality • personal characteristics

  12. Solutions Network For A Healthy California www.cdph.ca.gov • Advertising • School education programs • Resources on website

  13. Visual Essay/ Media Analysis Due next week April 24th: Visual essay/Media Analysis 7 points Work on this ahead of time

  14. Documentaries about Health

  15. Aids/HIV in Africa AIDS - leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa killing estimated 1.3 million people in 2007 In the same year, 1.7 million became infected with HIV (Source: UNAIDS 2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic) Discovery Channel REPORT Min 24:10-42:47

  16. Aids/HIV in Africa Solutions AIDS in Africa: Keep A Child Alive http://keepachildalive.org/

  17. Next Class April 22nd Mon: Media. Read pages 282-294 Due next week April 24th: Visual essay/Media analysis

  18. Universal Health Care Availability Have some form of universal health care Attempting to implement universal health care No universal health care Source: World Health Organization

  19. What does society expect of us if we “call in sick?” • The Sick Role • Don’t punish people for being sick • People around try to help (chicken soup) • Sick person should try to get better - rest • Follow doctors orders – go to doctor, take medications Critiqued because it does not always fit well, depending on the illness

  20. Health Belief Model: Conditions for taking care of your own health • Must believe your are risk • Must believe the problem is serious • Must believe prevention will change risk significantly • Must believe they can overcome financial, emotional, or physical barriers

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