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Understanding Antibiotics, Resistance, and the Emergence of Superbugs

Sir Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine by introducing antibiotics that combat bacterial infections. However, taking antibiotics requires strict adherence to prescribed durations; failing to do so can lead to antibiotic resistance. As the non-resistant bacteria are killed off, resistant strains can flourish, resulting in 'Superbugs' that pose significant treatment challenges. This situation underscores the necessity of completing antibiotic courses and understanding the implications of antibiotic misuse, ensuring better public health practices.

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Understanding Antibiotics, Resistance, and the Emergence of Superbugs

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  1. Antibiotics and their Risks

  2. Sir Alexander Fleming • Discovered that certain fungi (penicillium) inhibited growth of staphlococcus bacteria • Used knowledge to formulate first antibiotic penicillin to be used medically

  3. Taking Antibiotics • Persccriptions need to be followed exactly as directed from doctor • Biggest mistake = stopping antibiotics just because you feel better • ALWAYS finish perscription as directed • Can lead to antibiotic resistant infections

  4. Antibiotic Resistance • Antibiotics kill or stop the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria • In a colony some will be affected by drug, others will not • Immune system can target bacteria that is not affected and destroy pathogens • What happens if the immune system doesn’t get them all??

  5. Super bugs • Recently; antibiotic resistance has created a line of pathogens that are termed ‘Super Bugs’ • They are resistant to antibiotics and are not easily defeated • Product of antibiotic resistance

  6. Development of Super Bugs • Colony of pathogens of resistant (green) and non-resistant types (red)

  7. Development of Super Bugs • Antibiotics destroy non-resistant type

  8. Development of Super Bugs • Resistant type given chance to re-colonize • New colony is 100% resistant

  9. Other ways Super Bugs arise • If perscription is not completed, any remaining non-resistant cells can aquire resistance by mutation through exchange of DNA with resistant cells

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