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Understanding Energy Movement in the Troposphere: Vertical and Horizontal Dynamics

Explore how energy moves within the troposphere, focusing on vertical and horizontal movements and global pressure belts. By analyzing pressure (P), density (ρ), and temperature (T) variations across the North and South Poles, as well as at the tropopause, we uncover the complexities of atmospheric dynamics. Learn about the Hadley Cells, planetary fronts, and the impact of Earth’s rotation on atmospheric circulation. This comprehensive overview links physical principles to real-world phenomena, enhancing our understanding of climate systems.

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Understanding Energy Movement in the Troposphere: Vertical and Horizontal Dynamics

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  1. HOW DOES THIS ENERGY MOVE? Vertical and Horizontal Movements Within the Troposphere and Global Pressure Belts. This is when we start putting the pieces together!

  2. P = R. ρ. T North Pole 2 2 Tropopause 1 South Pole

  3. P = R. ρ. T North Pole 2 2 Tropopause 1 Initially both at sea-level So, P1 = P2 and ρ1. T1=ρ2. T2 South Pole

  4. P = R. ρ. T North Pole 2 2 Tropopause 1 1 is warmer than 2 (insolation – sensible) So, P1 = P2 but ρ1. T1↑=ρ2. T2↓ South Pole

  5. P = R. ρ. T North Pole 2 2 Tropopause 1 South Pole For P1 = P2 remain true ρ1↓. T1↑=ρ2↑. T2↓ Density of 1 less than 2

  6. P = R. ρ. T North Pole 2 2 Tropopause 1 South Pole What happens to warm less dense air?

  7. P = R. ρ. T North Pole 2 2 Tropopause 1 South Pole What is happening to the temperature of the air around 1 as it ascends?

  8. P = R. ρ. T North Pole 2 2 ? Tropopause 1 ? Now comparison at elevation So, P1 = P? and ρ1. T1=ρ?. T? How does ρ1 compare to ρ? ? What happens to 1? South Pole

  9. P = R. ρ. T North Pole 2 2 Tropopause 1 Why will 1 stop rising as it reaches the tropopause? South Pole

  10. Sir Edmund Halley (of comet fame) COOLING Transfer towards poles North Pole WARMING Transfer “cold” to equator 2 Tropopause South Pole

  11. Sir Edmund forgot The rotation of the Earth Even if hurricane force N-S 100 km p h (75 mph) North Pole North Tropopause South South Pole

  12. Sir Edmund forgot The rotation of the Earth Even if hurricane force N-S 100 km p h (75 mph) North Pole North Tropopause South Earth’s Rotation 1500-1800 km.p.h. (900-1000 mph) In tropics South Pole

  13. How do we know that atmosphere spins at roughly same W-E linear velocity as Earth?

  14. To scale

  15. Total Distances North: 500 miles East: 5000 miles In troposphere 5025 miles 5025 miles

  16. North Pole Hadley Cell 30°N Tropopause 0° Hadley Cell 30°S South Pole

  17. North Pole Hadley Cell 30°N Tropopause 0° Hadley Cell 30°S South Pole

  18. Frigid Polar Air North Pole Hadley Cell 30°N Tropopause 0° Hadley Cell 30°S South Pole Frigid Polar Air

  19. Frigid Polar Air 45-60°N Hadley Cell 30°N Tropopause 0° Hadley Cell 30°S For Psubtropical = Ppolar to remain true: ρ1 ↓. T1↑=ρ2 ↑. T2 ↓ Density of subtropical less than polar. 45-60°S Frigid Polar Air

  20. Frigid Polar Air 45-60°N Planetary Front Hadley Cell 30°N Tropopause 0° Hadley Cell 30°S Warmer sub-tropical air rises above colder Polar air. Mechanical lifting along “Planetary Front” – 45-60° Planetary Front 45-60°S Frigid Polar Air

  21. Frigid Polar Air 45-60°N Planetary Front Hadley Cell 30°N Tropopause 0° Hadley Cell 30°S Planetary Front 45-60°S Frigid Polar Air

  22. Polar Cell Ferrel Cell Frigid Polar Air 45-60°N Planetary Front Hadley Cell 30°N Tropopause 0° Hadley Cell 30°S Planetary Front 45-60°S Ferrel Cell Polar Cell Frigid Polar Air

  23. Turbulent mixing and incorporation of Polar Air Frigid Polar Air INDIRECT CELL 45-60°N 30°N Tropopause 0° 30°S 45-60°S INDIRECT CELL Frigid Polar Air Turbulent mixing and incorporation of Polar Air

  24. L http://hint.fm/wind/index.html

  25. What is Atmospheric Pressure at the Equator? 45-60°N 30°N Tropopause 0° 30°S 45-60°S

  26. What is Atmospheric Pressure at 30°? 45-60°N 30°N Tropopause LOW LOW LOW 0° 30°S 45-60°S

  27. What is Atmospheric Pressure at 45-60°? 45-60°N HIGH HIGH HIGH 30°N Tropopause LOW LOW LOW 0° 30°S HIGH HIGH HIGH 45-60°S

  28. What is Atmospheric Pressure at the Poles? 45-60°N LOW LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH 30°N Tropopause LOW LOW LOW 0° 30°S HIGH HIGH HIGH LOW LOW 45-60°S

  29. GLOBAL SURFACE PRESSURE BELTS HIGH 45-60°N LOW LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH 30°N Tropopause LOW LOW LOW 0° 30°S HIGH HIGH HIGH LOW LOW 45-60°S HIGH

  30. GLOBAL SURFACE PRESSURE GRADIENTS. HIGH→LOW HIGH 45-60°N LOW LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH 30°N Tropopause LOW LOW LOW 0° 30°S HIGH HIGH HIGH LOW LOW 45-60°S HIGH

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