Welcome to Cisco Academy

1. Welcome to Cisco Academy Chapter 1 Introduction to Networking

2. Objectives • Understand Safety Rules • Provide common knowledge base • PC Hardware • Build bridge between understanding of PC hardware and Networks similarities • Develop understanding of Boot Process • Appreciate importance of Networks • Identify network characteristics • Introduce Binary Numbering System • Appreciate importance of Bandwidth

3. Specific Objectives & Tasks • Identify four primary components of PC architecture • Identify PC subsystem components • Install a NIC • Configure PC for different network types • Develop understanding of Binary Number System • Convert Decimal to Binary & Binary to Decimal • Identify units of Information • Be able to discuss need for Networks • Be able to identify Network Devices • Use analogies to understand bandwidth

4. PC Components • Transistor – amplifies or opens/closes circuit • IC – does specific task; contains transistors • Capacitor – stores energy in electrostatic field • Connector – plugs into a port or interface • LED – semiconductor device that emits light

5. PC Components

6. Boot Processes • Boot Instructions – stored in ROM until used • Software Applications – stored in RAM after loading • RAM and ROM – talk to CPU through the bus • Saved Information – flows from RAM to storage device • Exported Information – flows from RAM through bus to external device such as the printer

7. Web Browsers and Plug-Ins • IE • Integrated with other MS products • Takes up more disk space • Uses, does e-mail, file transfers • Communicator • First popular browser • Takes less disk space • Same as IE

8. Popular Plug-Ins • Flash/Shockwave Player • Adobe Acrobat Reader • Windows Media Player • Quicktime • Real Player

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10. NIC • Network Interface Card • printed circuit board that provides network communication capabilities to and from a personal computer • A.K.A. LAN Adapter • Can be designed for Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI (IMPORTANT) • Requires: • IRQ, I/O Address, Upper Memory address in Win 95,98, NT

11. Network Card Selection Criteria • Type of Network • Ethernet, FDDI, Token Ring • Type of Media • Twisted Pair, Fiber Optic, Coaxial Cable • Type of Bus • PSI or ISA or PCMCIA (lap top) • Half duplex or full duplexing • 10 mbs or 100 mbs

12. TCP/IP Configuration

13. Stop • Do Lab

14. Binary • Decimal System • Base 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 • Binary System • Base 2 0 1 • Computer works in Binary • Two states - On/Off; Current/No Current • Computer translates from decimal to binary and from binary to decimal • NOTE: ASCII is a binary code

15. Units of InformationB= bytes; b = bits

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17. Binary

18. Decimal

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20. Terms to Know • Bit a 0 or 1 – a Binary digiT • Byte 8 bits – approximately 1 character • KB, MB, GB, TB, kbps, kBps, Mbps • All measures of storage • Hz, MHz, GHz • All measures of computer operation - cycles

21. Networks • A network is an entity - an intricately connected system of objects or people. • Networks are all around us, even inside us. • Your own nervous system and cardiovascular system are networks. • There can several types of networks • Think of some

22. Networks Accomplish Many Tasks • Avoid duplication of equipment and resources • Allow us to communicate efficiently • Enable us to manage computing resources • Support shared resources

23. Network Types • LAN • Building, Campus (group of building) • MAN • Metropolitan Area • WAN • Entire world – can even include outer space

24. IP Addressing • IP address is used to identify PC to network (at layer 3 of OSI model) • IP address is used to send traffic over WAN • IP address is usually in dotted decimal format (does not have to be) • 123.122.234.255 • In binary 01111011.01111010.11101010.11111111 • In hex 7B 7A EA FF

25. Subnet Masking • Used with IP address to determine which LAN to use to send packet on its way • Takes form of • 255.255.0.0 • 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 • Router uses ANDING to determine which LAN is associated with the IP address • ANDING is a BOOLEAN Algebra process

26. ANDING • IP address is 10.10.0.26 • Subnet mask is 255.255.0.240 • Anding • 00001010.00001010.00000000.00011010 • 11111111.11111111.00000000.11110000 • 00001010.00001010.00000000.00010000 • 10.10.0.16 • Host 10.10.0.26 is a member of LAN 10.10.0.16

27. LAN Characteristics • Operate within a limited geographic area • Allow multiple access to high bandwidth media • Control private (autonomous) networks • Provide full-time connectivity to local services • Connect physically adjacent devices

28. WANS • Operate over wide geographic areas • Allow access over serial interfaces operating at lower speeds • Provide full-time and part-time connectivity • Connect devices located over wide geographic areas • WANS connect LANS

29. Bandwidth • Measure of how much information can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time • Two types – digital and analog • Cisco course deals with digital bandwidth • Measured in BITS (b) per second

30. Analogies for Bandwidth • Pipe line • Bandwidth is pipes • Network devices are valves; fittings; packet is water • Highway • Bandwidth is lanes • Packets are vehicles; network devices are signals, on ramps, etc. • Audio Systems • Network devices are telephones, CD-ROMS • Packets are music

31. Bandwidth is Important • It is finite • It can save money • It is key measure of network design and performance • It is key to understanding Internet • The demand for it increases constantly

32. Throughput • The formula is Estimated Time = Size of File / Bandwidth • Throughput is always less than Bandwidth • Bandwidth is used to design networks • Throughput is used to evaluate network performance

33. Media • Coaxial Cable • 50 ohm and 75 ohm • Twisted Pairs • Shielded and Unshielded • Fiber Optics • Single Mode and Multi Mode (62.5/125) • Wireless