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Classical Greece

Classical Greece. Greek Empire ?. There was never a “Greek” Empire too many mountains . Land of Independent City-States. POLIS = Greek word for CITY and things that relate to a city ?. ACROPOLIS - Hilltops of city where temples were built

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Classical Greece

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  1. Classical Greece

  2. Greek Empire ? There was never a “Greek” Empiretoo many mountains

  3. Land of Independent City-States

  4. POLIS = Greek word for CITY and things that relate to a city ? • ACROPOLIS - Hilltops of city where temples were built • POLITICS – governing a city (a polis)

  5. Most Greek cities were on the Mediterranean Sea & trade was important

  6. Except SPARTA which was inland / 50 miles from the sea.

  7. Greek had a heritage of having KINGS

  8. Greek Civilization started on the island of Crete Crete and Palace of Knossos

  9. Greek Gods & Goddesses Hermes • The Greeks had an entire “family” of gods and goddesses. • Polytheistic • Fights and jealousies of gods used to “explain” mysteries of the world. • Gods & goddesses were far from perfect. They were mean, vengeful, manipulating and unfair. • Eventual men started to use REASON & LOGIC to explain events. • Philosophy vs. Religion Zeus Poseidon Athena Apollo

  10. Greek Export Crops • Greeks had little available farmland (too many mountains) so they developed olive trees & grape vines so they could export oil & wine.

  11. Greek Mediterranean Colonies

  12. Greek Alphabet • The Greek alphabet is the script that has been used to write the Greek language since the 8th century BC. It was derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet.

  13. Greek Grudge with Asia Minor Neighbors Trojan War – (1250 BCE)

  14. Main Issue of Trojan War– Control of Trade& control of access to the Black Sea stories retold by Homer 500 years later Illiad Odyssey http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=uAcHlJZoS1M&NR=1

  15. Troy Storyboard

  16. Hector Fights Achilles Trojan War Video Clip Achilles Heel - He's immortal !

  17. Results of War • According to Legend • Troy defeated & destroyed • Helen returned to Sparta • Odysseus takes 10 years to get home • Aeneas takes 10 years to get to Latin coast of Italy • According to History • Greeks retained control of Mediterranean sea trade and access to the Black Sea • Rivalry with civilizations of Middle East remained.

  18. Greeks “Try Out” Different Types of Governments Rule by ONE (mono) • Monarchy – the “one” ruler usually inherits power. He is considered a “legal” or “legitimate” ruler. • Tyranny – the “one” ruler seizes power (usually from the landowners” and usually promises land to the poor. He is usually considered an “illegal” or “illegitimate” ruler.

  19. Rule by a FEW • Oligarchy – a few “privileged” members of the community make the laws and decisions for everyone. • Council of Elders (like in Paleolithic times) • Council of Experienced Military Generals (like in Sparta) • Members of a particular “political” group (like the Communist Party in USSR) • Aristocracy – most “common” form of oligarchy. Rich landowners make all decisions.

  20. Draco of Athens - the Law-Giver This Guy NOT HIM

  21. Draco’s Laws were HARSHDRACONIAN • Draco was the 1st Law-Giver of Athens … BUT • The people of Athens were upset by the harshness of the laws …SO… • They developed a new type of government where all the citizens had a vote in the laws of the land… Any guesses ?

  22. Athens is the Birthplace of Democracy • Developed by the people of Athens • All “citizens” MUST participate in the government/ attend the assembly / vote on laws • CAVEAT (fancy way of saying… but) Very few Athenians “qualified” for citizenship. Only Men over 21 born in Athens of men born in Athens & not Slaves. • How many could not vote? • Women percentage of population 50% • Percentage of Children 15% • Slaves 15% • Foreigners 5% • How many could vote? 85% 15%

  23. Democracy was exclusive to Athens! The city-states were quite different!No differences greater than betweenAthens & Sparta

  24. Role of Women Differences Between Athens & Sparta

  25. Back to Persian War • Remember the Athenians humiliated Darius at the battle of Marathon. • Darius died before he could seek revenge. • Xerxes (his son) sent army of 2,000,000 & 600 ships • Spartans “lost” at Thermopylae • Athenians won sea battle at Salamis Impossible Result – “the world turned upside down”

  26. So, which civilization was “better’ – The Persians or the Greeks?Crash Course - The Persians or the Greeks

  27. Class Activity - Background We are in the middle of a Presidential Campaign. Most of the TV and print advertisements for the candidates are negative. More than explaining why a particular candidate is “the right choice”, the ads try to show why the other guy is “the wrong choice”.

  28. Class Activity - Assignment Create a NEGATIVE print ad supporting your “candidate”. This ad was approved by Athenians for (name your candidate) • Contain info on why at least one of the “candidates” is the “wrong choice”. Mention why your “candidate” is the “right choice”. • Make sure that the “font” for your handwritten / printed ad is large enough that it can be read at least five feet away (by an old teacher tired from getting back from a wedding). • Include statement This ad was approved by Athenians for … • Use markers and pencils from the side of the room. • If not finished in class make sure you have at your on the 19th / 20th

  29. Class Activity - Scenario Imagine that the citizens of Athens are going to VOTE on what system of government will be used in the polis. The “candidates” are monarchy tyranny oligarchy of oldest Athenians aristocracy of richest Athenians theocracy run by the priests from Delphi

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