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Comprehensive Guide to Creating Effective Science Lesson Plans and Laboratory Activities

This guide provides educators with essential tools for designing impactful lesson plans and labs in science education. It covers key components, including goal setting, necessary background information, clear directions, and assessment strategies. You'll learn how to estimate preparation time and budget costs for materials, as well as how to assess student understanding. The guide emphasizes the importance of linking specific lessons to broader scientific concepts, fostering deeper student connections to the material. Use this resource to enhance your teaching methods and facilitate engaging learning experiences.

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Comprehensive Guide to Creating Effective Science Lesson Plans and Laboratory Activities

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  1. Metabolic Pathways But first…

  2. Labs and Lesson Plans How to Write Lesson Plans

  3. Labs and Lesson Plans • What is helpful in a lesson plan? • What area of science • Goals (Students will:) • Benchmarks http://www.edtechpolicy.org/CourseInfo/AssessDesignFlow.gif

  4. Labs and Lesson Plans • Information to put it together • How long it will take to assemble • How much it will cost initially http://www.getworksheets.com/samples/lessonplans/science.html

  5. Labs and Lesson Plans • How long, how much for additional years? • Cost for consumable supplies • Time for set up, lesson, clean up, improve and store http://oz.plymouth.edu/~wwf/distillation_files/image001.jpg

  6. Labs and Lesson Plans • Background – Introduction and Discussion • Introducing this topic, presenting the information your students need to achieve goals of this lesson plan http://www.infovisual.info/02/029_en.html

  7. Labs and Lesson Plans • Background, Introduction, Discussion • Spend time researching and writing this section. Quick read in following years, and you are up to speed. http://blog.duarte.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/info-anxiety-2-dogsslideol.gif

  8. Labs and Lesson Plans • Directions • Clearly written, step by step directions students follow to achieve stated goals • Include any data sheets needed for completion of this lesson plan http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/insects/ahb/act28.gif

  9. Labs and Lesson Plans • Wrap-up • Review of discussion material • Review of experiment • Review of Data • What does it mean? http://www.arborsci.com/CoolStuff/Chlorophyll.jpg

  10. Labs and Lesson Plans • Assessment • Evaluating what students gained from this particular experience • Evaluating student preparation for benchmark testing http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/midlsci/images/figure7.gif

  11. Labs and Lesson Plans • Transformation • What are the underlying concepts that this particular lesson emphasizes? • Without transforming the specifics of this lesson to the general concept, students rarely make that connection http://www.benbest.com/cryonics/icecryst.gif http://smartden.de/uploads/images/3d/ice_cubes_xs.jpg

  12. Metabolic Pathways How cells function

  13. Global Warming • Climatic Cycles • Glacial Periods • Global Warming • Causes? • Gases in atmosphere • Carbon Dioxide • Methane • Nitrous Oxide • Water Vapor • Milankovitch cycle http://www.whrc.org/carbon/index.htm

  14. Global Warming • Carbon Dioxide • Use of fossil fuels • Burning rainforest • Methane • Rice paddies • Livestock (cows) • Nitrous Oxide • Nitrogen based fertilizers • Industry http://www.nysforum.org/documents/html/2007/execcommittee/may/enterprisepowerconsumptionreduction_files/images/image6.png

  15. Milankovitch cycle Eccentricity ~100,000 years. Obliquity ~41,000 years; 21.5° to 24.5° Precession ~26,000 years. Global Warming http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/vis2003/TasaDemo.html

  16. Eccentricity • Distance to the sun • 100,000 year cycle • Winter in North at Perihelion, and therefore shorter than summer • Low eccentricity of 0.005 • High eccentricity of 0.058 • Mean eccentricity of 0.028 • Present eccentricity 0.017 • Moving towards low centricity - warming Perihelion Aphelion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eccentricity_half.svg

  17. Obliquity • Tilt of the Axis • 41,000 year cycle • Minimum tilt is 21.1º • Maximum tilt is 24.5º • Currently at 23.5º • Tilt is decreasing - cooling http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/AxialTiltObliquity.png

  18. Precession • Wobble like a top • Completes the wobble every ~21,000 years • Other “north stars, Thuban in Draco and Vega in Lyra • Top 10 sec • Both 33 sec http://stardate.org/images/gallery/d_procession.jpg

  19. Milankovitch Cycles • These three cycles, in combination, can alter climate • Eccentricity • Obliquity • Precession • Milankovitch 2.38 min http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/research/highlights/section/milankovitch.jpg

  20. Global Warming • Other Factors • Volcanos • Gases • Particles in air reflect sunlight energy http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/MSH/Images/MSH80_may_18_eruption_column_05-18-80_bw_med.jpg

  21. Gaia • The Gaia hypothesis is an ecological theory that proposes that the living matter of planet Earth functions like a single organism. http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap990131.html

  22. Equilibrium • Maintained though various cycles http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images2/184waterequi.gif

  23. Cycles • In a dynamic system, there are many different cycles • For example, the water cycle http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/graphics/watercyclehigh.jpg

  24. Other Important Cycles • Rock Cycle • Carbon Cycle • Nitrogen Cycle • Phosphorous Cycle • Calcium Cycle http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/carbon_cycle/carbon_cycle.jpg

  25. Oxygen Cycle • Hypothesized to have originally poisoned Earth’s organisms by changing the atmosphere • Produced ozone • High Energy Electron Accepter http://telstar.ote.cmu.edu/environ/m3/s4/graphics/embedded/cycleoxygentest.png

  26. Cellular Energy • ATP production http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio104/cellresp.htm http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/AnimalPhysiology/Anatomy/AnimalCellStructure/Mitochondria/mitochondria.jpg

  27. Cellular Respiration • It takes energy to form molecular bonds • Energy is released when bonds are broken • ATP is packaged in discrete units usable by the cell http://www.a3243g.com/a3243g_images/mitochondria.gif

  28. Cellular Respiration • Glucose is a simple sugar we get in our food and is the energy source • Breaking the bonds of Glucose yields 36 ATPs http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio104/cellresp.htm

  29. Cellular Respiration http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio104/cellresp.htm

  30. Cellular Respiration • Complex series of reactions sent though the electron transport chain to harvest electrons from sugar and donate to oxygen • Three Stages http://porpax.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/makeatp/c9x6cell-respiration.jpg

  31. Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Outside mitochondria • Produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule • Ancestral - 2 ATP + 4 ATP = 2 ATP http://www.micro.siu.edu/micr201/images/Glycolysis.gif

  32. Cellular Respiration • Kreb’s Cycle • Inside Mitochondria • Produces 2 ATP for each glucose molecule http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/611citricacidcyclewhi.gif

  33. Cellular Respiration • Electron Transport Chain • Inside Mitochondria • Produces ~32 ATP per glucose molecule http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/images/chemios_il.jpg http://bioweb.cs.earlham.edu/9-12/cellularrespiration/IMAGES/citriccell.JPG

  34. O http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/a/a4/Oxygen_Molecule_VdW.png/250px-Oxygen_Molecule_VdW.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Glucose_linear_3D_View.png http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/7/X/a/carbondioxide.jpg http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/b/b1/Water_Molecule_VdW.png/250px-Water_Molecule_VdW.png Cellular Respiration • Needs Oxygen • Waste Product CO2 Tutorial C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy E

  35. http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/a/a4/Oxygen_Molecule_VdW.png/250px-Oxygen_Molecule_VdW.pnghttp://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/a/a4/Oxygen_Molecule_VdW.png/250px-Oxygen_Molecule_VdW.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Glucose_linear_3D_View.png http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/7/X/a/carbondioxide.jpg http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/b/b1/Water_Molecule_VdW.png/250px-Water_Molecule_VdW.png Photosynthesis • Basically, the opposite pathway of cellular respiration • needs CO2 • waste product O2 6CO2 + 6H2O Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 E

  36. Photosynthesis • Using sunlight energy, carbon dioxide gas, and water, forms glucose bonds in the chloroplasts http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Photosynthesis/Chloroplast_EN.gif http://www.cam.k12.il.us/hs/teachers/caplingerd/photosynthesis.gif

  37. Photosynthesis • Gas exchange in plants • Leaf is generally photosynthetic organ of plant http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/leafstru.gif

  38. Questions? BJShaw – Megatherium americanum, Museo de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina 2008

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