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Understanding the Strengths of Acids and Bases

This educational overview explains the differences between strong and weak acids and bases, focusing on their molecular behavior in water. Strong acids, such as sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acid, dissociate significantly, releasing a large number of hydrogen ions (H+). In contrast, weak acids like acetic and citric acid dissociate minimally. Similarly, strong bases, including sodium and calcium hydroxide, release many hydroxide ions (OH-). The importance of pH level, neutralization reactions, and the practical applications of salts in everyday life are also discussed.

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Understanding the Strengths of Acids and Bases

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  1. 3-3 Solutions Acids and Bases

  2. Strengths of Acids and Bases It will depend on the number of molecules that break apart when the acid/base dissolves in water.

  3. Strong vs. weak acid • Sulfuric acid • Nitric acid • Hydrochloric acid Strong = a lot of H+ break away Weak = few molecules break apart Acetic acid Citric acid Carbonic acid

  4. Strong vs. weak base • Sodium Hydroxide • Calcium Hydroxide • Potassium hydroxide Strong = a lot of OH- are released Weak = a few molecules break apart Ammonium hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide

  5. Acid, bases, & neutralization • A + B = AB (Neutralization) • What type of reaction is this? • H+ + OH-  H2O • Other components in the reaction become salts.

  6. pH scale: Measure of the hydronium ions concentration

  7. Indicators to determine pH Compare pH paper to predetermined color charts

  8. pH and the environment Living things depend on having a steady pH in their environment.

  9. Salts • Salts are used for: • Seasoning • Making lye • Baking soda • Preserve food • Wall board • A + B = neutralization and a salt • A salt is what type of compound-covalent or ionic?

  10. Review • Page 71 • 1,2,3,4,7

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