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BIOSE 162a Review: Cardiovascular Pathophysiology 1

BIOSE 162a Review: Cardiovascular Pathophysiology 1. September 19, 2011. Article: Psychological Stress and Cardiovascular Disease. Q: What is the effect of psychological stressors (acute and chronic) on the heart?. Myocardial infarction. Blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked:.

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BIOSE 162a Review: Cardiovascular Pathophysiology 1

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  1. BIOSE 162a Review: Cardiovascular Pathophysiology 1 September 19, 2011

  2. Article: Psychological Stress and Cardiovascular Disease • Q: What is the effect of psychological stressors (acute and chronic) on the heart?

  3. Myocardial infarction • Blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked:

  4. Pulmonary Embolism • Blood flow to a part of your lungs is blocked:

  5. Response to stress: change in perfusion of heart (decrease) similar to exercise

  6. Response to stress: change in S-T segment length http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=te_SY3MeWys

  7. Response to stress: decreased ejection fraction

  8. Quiz! (From last week’s lecture)

  9. Q: What changes would you expect to see in this table if applied to a developing country? -Lower life expectancy at birth, as you age you should see an increase in life expectancy

  10. Q: What are some explanations for why we are seeing a drop in life expectancy at age zero in the US? • We’re trying to save younger and younger preemies because we have the technology

  11. T/F: Inflammation, triggered by necrosis and apoptosis, signals removal of a damaged cell • False: inflammation does not occur as a result of apoptosis, since apoptosis is “programmed cell death” and the cell is never ruptured.

  12. Q: What are the two major types of cells in the immune response and what do they do? • Neutrophils: promote inflammation, phagocytize and destroy bacteria using degradative enzymes • Macrophages: derived from monocytes, help neutrophils to destroy foreign cells and particles.

  13. Q: A patient comes into a clinic complaining of sore joints and has a low fever. Why check his throat? • The strep pathogen mimics cells of our own body. Therefore, when the immune system attacks the pathogen, it also attacks the body, causing rheumatic disease.

  14. Q: What is the organ in red, which processes emotional fear and is thought to affect stress levels? • The amygdala. This organ sends signals related to emotional stimuli to the sensory cortices, where they can be interpreted.

  15. Q: What are some short-term responses to stress that may cause long-term harmful effects? • Increased gluconeogenesis • Increased cortisol levels • Mobilization of amino acids

  16. Q: Who is more likely to manifest sex-linked traits, males or females? • Males, because sex-linked traits are generally on the x chromosome, and if there is a defect on one x chromosome of a female the other one will dominate.

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