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English Literature

English Literature . History of English. Britannia . Different Celtic tribes lived in Briton ( Britanny ). (517 BC) Language was called Brythonic ( Celtic) Britons : Celtic tribes ( before Roman invasion )

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English Literature

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  1. English Literature History of English

  2. Britannia Different Celtic tribes lived in Briton (Britanny). (517 BC) Language was calledBrythonic (Celtic) Britons: Celtic tribes (before Roman invasion) Britains: Mix of Britons, Angles, Saxons and Norse (after Romans left)

  3. Roman Empire

  4. The Early Middle Ages (450-1066) GreatBritain part of the Roman Empire (55 BC - 450 AD) Roman influence Latinnames: plants, animals, food, drink, household items: win (wine), candel (candle), catte (cat). Hadrian Wall: to protectBritainfrom tribes in the north Roman roads Town Names: Manchester (OE ceaster /Lat castrum/ camp)

  5. Early Middle Ages Romans left GB to defend the mainland Britain was attackedby: Angles(Denmark) Saxons (Denmark) Jutes (NorthGermany) Frisians (the Netherlands) Celtsweredrivenoff to Wales, Ireland and Scotland

  6. Middle Ages After the Anglo-Saxons had settled, Vikings (fromScandinavia) invadedEngland 787 AD – +/- 1000 AD Danishcontrolled most of easternEngland. Danelaw: area of Englandthat was underDanishlaw.

  7. Consequences 1)SettlementswithDanishnames in England - by = farm/town (Derby, Naseby) - thorp = village (Linthorpe, althorp) 2)Increase in personalnames of Scandinavianorigin 3)General wordsentered the language 4)Personalpronoun system was affected : they, them, their 5) ON verb to beinstead of sindon 6) 3rd personsingular –s

  8. 1066 Battle of Hastings 1066Battle of Hastings: William the Conquerer (Normandy) seized the Englishthrone Consequences: EnglishlanguageheavilyinfluencedbyFrench language of court, monastries, merchantswhocrossed the channel.

  9. Origin of English Germanic invaders called Celts wealas (Welsh) Celts called invaders Saxons (all of them) End of 6th century term Angli. Aethelbert (601 AD) is called rex Anglorum (King of the Angles). Name of the language Englisc. (sc = sh) Englaland (Land of the Angles) not until 1000

  10. Germanic

  11. English Language Anglo-Saxon(Old English) is a Germaniclanguage and closelyrelated to Frisian, German and Dutch e.g: Vater (G), father (E), vader (D) Haus(G), house (E), huis (D) hus (Fris)

  12. Old English and Dutch Colours rēadgeolo grēneblǽw brūnblǽc hwītpurpu The InterrogativePronouns hwā – who hwænne - when hwǽt – what hwelc – which hwǽr – where hū - how hwý – why

  13. æcer – akker bān – been belīfan – blijven binnan – binnen bītan – bijten blōd – bloed brecan – breken bremel – braam brōþor – broer buan – bouwen bufan – boven ciele – kil cīepan – kopen cild – kind cirice – kerk cnapa – knaap cwic – kwik cyning – koning cyne-rīce – koningrijk dǽd – daad dǽlen – delen dēaþ – dood dēofol – duivel dēor – dier dohtor – dochter draca – draak duru – deur ēage – oog ēare – oorearm – arm earn – arendele – olie ende – eind engel – engel Engla-land – Engeland eorþe – aarde

  14. English Language Norse Big influence of (old) Norse on OE language. Vikings brought ON to England. Usually 2 wordsfor 1 thing, somtimes OE sometimes ON orbothsurvived ON eggvs OE ey OE pathvs ON reike ON sister vs OE sweostor OE sorrowvs ON site ON silvervs OE seolfor ON sick & OE ill ON skill & OE craft ON anger & OE wrath

  15. English Language Celtic Little influence of Celtic languages  driven away to Scotland, Wales and Ireland

  16. English Language Latin During Roman invasion (butonly 200 words) Christian missionariesbroughtLatinto society. Latinlanguage of religion and learningfrommonastriesgraduallyintoeverydaylife.

  17. English Language French After 1066:Norman rule over England Words: law, administration, medicine, art, fashion. Fr and OE replace words or co-exist, but develop different meaning house (OE) & mansion (F) hearty (OE) & cordial (F)

  18. Christianity Roman England: Christianspersecuteduntil 313 EmperorConstantinegrantedfreedom of worship to Christians. SaxonEngland:Christianityvanishedexcept in Cornwall and Wales. 5th cent. Christianity spread to Ireland and Scotland = Celtic Church 7th cent. Rome sent missionaries to England. Roman Churchstartedconversion in South, Celtic Church in North

  19. Christianity 7th century: Pope sendsprieststo convert GB most kingsadoptChristianity  monks, priests and bishopsplayan important role in society monastries  Latinliterature

  20. Venerable Bede (673-735) Bede wrote a history of the Anglo-Saxons in LatintitledHistoriaEcclesiasticaGentisAnglorum Growth of Christianity in England most valuablesourceforearlyEnglishhistory Old Englishliteraturealsosurvives

  21. HOMEWORK • Read page 2 3 4 of Alquin booklet • Make a chronological survey of ‘invasions’ of Britain between 55 BC and 1066.

  22. Old English Literature OE literature : literaturewritten in Old English (Anglo-Saxon) frommid 5th century – 1066 Literaryagebeganafter the arrival of the Romans. In the monastriesLatinand OE textswerewritten. First texts (700 AD) wereglossaries (LatinwordstranslatedintoEnglish)

  23. Beowulf Oldest OE manuscript composedorally in the 8th century, written down later by 2 different scribes. Authoris unknown. Story takes place in 6th century

  24. Beowulf: the story EpicPoem: narrativepoem (tells a story) containing details of heroicdeeds and events significant to a culture ornation. Beowulf is a Scandinavian coming to the help of kingHrothgar (Danish) who is underattackbya monstroustroll, Grendel at the hall of Heorot (Hearts). Beowulf travelsfromGeatland (Sweden) and kills the monster.

  25. Beowulf: the Story In a second fight he kills the monster’s mother. Beowulf goes home and becomes king of the Geats. As an old man he kills a dragon in a fight that leads to his own death.

  26. Beowulf Notonlyfor entertainment, showed the thanes: • how to behave: fight for glory and fame with a stoic acceptance of things to come • what to wear (‘dress-code’): mail-shirt, harness, • what values are important: courage, strength, endurance • Christian elements changed the original meaning (added by monks in monasteries when writing down the stories c. 250 years later) • Beowulf would not have succeeded, had the Lord not helped him. The theme of the eternal battle between Forces of Light (Beowulf) and those of Darkness (Grendel) changed into • one of Good (God) vs Evil (the Devil) • gives insight into Anglo-Saxon society: fame, revenge, heroism is important; the bond with the lord

  27. Homework • Find examples in the texts of the above mentioned points (behaviour/ dress-code/ values/ Christian elements • answer questions 1, 2, 3, (p. 10) • which of the 2 translations do you prefer and why? • why has the original story been changed in the film?

  28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y13cES7MMd8&feature=related

  29. The Late Middle Ages 1066-1500 Anglo-Saxon society under the influence of Normannobility. Structureof kings and warriorsdissappeared and was succeededbythe feudal system

  30. Influence • Language • Literature: fables, ballads and romances • Architecture: Gothicstyle • Religion: Memento Mori, centredon the mortality of Mankind

  31. Magna Carta: 1215 King was forced to sign contract underwhich the nobilityweregrantedcertainpriviliges in return fortheirloyalty HundredYears War: Englanddeclares war on France (1337) Black Death: Plague

  32. Fighting over the Englishcrownby House of York and House of Lancaster = War of the Roses Richard III defeated and killed by Henry VII. New dynasty: The Tudors (1483-1603).

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