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Progressive Movement in US: Reforms and Challenges

Explore the Progressive Period (1890-1914) in the United States, analyzing economic, political, and social reforms. Learn about key issues, figures, and movements of this transformative era.

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Progressive Movement in US: Reforms and Challenges

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  1. Bell Starter • We are studying Goal 7, the Progressive Period, because it directly related to Goal 5. • During the Progressive Period, reformers attempted to fix some of the issues we discussed during the Gilded Age Period. • List at least 3 issues of the Gilded Age that you would like to see corrected during the Progressive Period (1890-1914). • Keep up with these; we will go back in the end and see if these issues are solved.

  2. The Progressive Movement in the United States (1890-1914) - The learner will analyze the economic, political, and social reforms of the Progressive Period. What do you think progressive mean? “moving forward or improving”

  3. Rise of Progressivism • Progressive Period: time period in which government officials and citizens began to call for reforms in business, politics, and society • Entering the Progressive Period • Only a handful enjoyed wealth as the Gilded Age closed. • Immigrants and poor laborers endured harsh living and working conditions • Urban Slums (disease, pollution) • Tenements – overcrowded created open sewers and attracted rats and other disease-spreading pest. • Air was polluted with soot from coal-fired steam engines and boilers • Who was the photojournalist who tried to expose how people in the slums lived? Jacob Riis (How the Other Half Lives)

  4. Working Conditions Worsen • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911): event that increased public outcry for reform (Hamlet, NC 1991: killed 25, Imperial Chicken Plant) • NYC • when women tried to escape the doors were locked (to prevent stealing) • Doors that did open opened inward • 146 people killed (most young women) – which lead to increased demands for safer working conditions • Some jumped from windows to escape the flames • Results: Progressives called for reform, NY passed laws making workplaces safer, and created workers’ compensation • Efforts suffered in passing laws limiting workday to 10 hour • Supreme Court ruled in Lochner v. New York such laws were unconstitutional

  5. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

  6. Imperial Chicken Processing Plant

  7. Child Labor • Name another aspect of labor which drastically needed to be ended in order to break the cycle of hopelessness for poor families (particularly immigrants). • Lawyer, Florence Kelly, convince Illinois to ban child labor • 1912 formed the National Child Labor Committee—lobbied the federal government to create the U.S. Children’s Bureau—examine issues that affected the health and welfare of children—still protect children today • 1916, Congress passed the Keating-Owens Act banned child labor—not until 1938 Congress ended child labor • Better children life by education • Passed laws requiring children to attend school • Argued should learn work skills, literature and music • Boys and girls should be taught different subjects • John Dewey: criticized schools for teaching memorize facts • Think creativity • Teach subjects as history, geography, skills such as cooking and carpentry

  8. Muckrakers • President Theodore Roosevelt nicknamed people who exposed abuses in government and big business muckrakers. • Muckrakers “raked up the muck” triggering reforms. • The following slides provide snapshots of famous muckrakers of the Progressive Period.

  9. Ida Tarbell • “Muckraker” journalist who revealed the abuses of the Standard Oil Company • “History of the Standard Oil Company” • Rockefeller used ruthless methods to ruin his competitors, charge higher prices, and reap huge profits

  10. Upton Sinclair • Wrote The Jungle, which exposed the horrific conditions (unsanitary conditions) in the U.S. meatpacking industry • Led to passage of the Meat Inspection Act.

  11. Frank Norris • First Naturalist author • McTeague • The Octopus: A California Story • Dramatize the Southern Pacific Railroad’s stranglehold on struggling farmers • Wrote primarily exposing the dangers of monopolies and big business abuses

  12. Lincoln Steffens • Managing editor at McClure’s magazine • Uncovering social problems • The Shame of the Cities • Exposed political corruptions in Philadelphia • Utility companies charge customers excessively high fees

  13. Frances Ellen Watkins • African American author • “Iola Leroy” • Struggles of African Americans

  14. EOC Review Activity • Page 138 • #1-3 • Hold onto this! We will take up Goal 7 EOC Review Questions as one assignment.

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