1 / 24

Visualizing a Chemical Reaction

Visualizing a Chemical Reaction. 2. 2. Na + Cl 2 NaCl . 10. 5. 10. 10. ?. 10. 5. ___ mole Na. ___ mole Cl 2. ___ mole NaCl. Formation of Ammonia. Ratio of eggs to cookies. Proportional Relationships.

nancy
Télécharger la présentation

Visualizing a Chemical Reaction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Visualizing a Chemical Reaction 2 2 Na + Cl2 NaCl 10 5 10 10 ? 10 5 ___ mole Na ___ mole Cl2 ___ mole NaCl

  2. Formation of Ammonia

  3. Ratio of eggs to cookies Proportional Relationships 2 1/4 c. flour 1 tsp. baking soda 1 tsp. salt 1 c. butter 3/4 c. sugar 3/4 c. brown sugar 1 tsp vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 c. chocolate chips Makes 5 dozen cookies. I have 5 eggs. How many cookies can I make? Conversion Factor 5 dozen 5 eggs 2 eggs 150 cookies = 12.5 dozen cookies Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  4. Proportional Relationships • Stoichiometry • mass relationships between substances in a chemical reaction • based on the mole ratio • Mole Ratio • indicated by coefficients in a balanced equation 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  5. Stoichiometry Steps 1. Write a balanced equation. 2. Identify known & unknown. 3. Line up conversion factors. • Mole ratio - moles  moles • Molar mass - moles  grams • Molarity - moles  liters soln • Molar volume - moles  liters gas • Mole ratio - moles  moles Core step in all stoichiometry problems!! 4. Check answer. Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  6. StandardTemperature&Pressure 0°C and 1 atm Molar Volume at STP 1 mol of a gas=22.4 L at STP Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  7. Molar Volume at STP LITERS OF GAS AT STP Molar Volume (22.4 L/mol) MASS IN GRAMS NUMBER OF PARTICLES MOLES Molar Mass (g/mol) 6.02  1023 particles/mol Molarity(mol/L) LITERS OF SOLUTION Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  8. Stoichiometry Problems • How many moles of KClO3 must decompose in order to produce 9 moles of oxygen gas? 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 ? mol 9 mol 9 mol O2 2 mol KClO3 3 mol O2 = 6 mol KClO3 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  9. 1. 2 Sb + 3 Cl22 SbCl3 2. 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO 3. CaCl2 Ca + Cl2 4. 2 NaClO3 2 NaCl + 3 O2 5. Fe + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H2 6. CuO + H2 Cu + H2O 7. 2 Al + 3 H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2

  10. = 2 3 5 mol x mol 1. 2 Sb + 3 Cl22 SbCl3 2 x = 15 excess 5 mol 7.5 mol excess x mol x mol x = 7. 5 mol How many moles of chlorine gas are required to react with 5 moles of antimony? 3 mol Cl2 x mol Cl2 = 5 mol Sb = 7.5 mol Cl2 2 mol Sb How many moles of SbCl3 are produced from 5 moles of antimony and excess Cl2? 2 mol SbCl3 x mol SbCl3 = 5 mol Sb = 5 mol SbCl3 2 mol Sb How many moles of SbCl3 are produced from 7.5 moles of Cl2 and excess Sb? 2 mol SbCl3 x mol SbCl3 = 7.5 mol Cl2 = 5 mol SbCl3 3 mol Cl2

  11. 2. 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO 10 mol x L x mol How many moles of magnesium oxide are produced from the burning of 10 mol of Mg? 2 mol MgO x mol MgO = 10 mol Mg = 10 mol MgO 2 mol Mg How many liters of oxygen are needed to burn 10 mol of Mg? Assume 1 mol O2 = 22.4 L 1 mol O2 22.4 L O2 x L O2 = 10 mol Mg = 5 mol O2 = 112 L O2 2 mol Mg 1 mol O2 1 mol O2 22.4 L O2 x L O2 = 10 mol Mg = 112 L O2 2 mol Mg 1 mol O2

  12. 3. CaCl2 Ca + Cl2 8 mol x mol How many moles of calcium metal are produced from the decomposition of 8 mol of calcium chloride? and chlorine gas 1 mol Ca x mol Ca = 8 mol CaCl2 = 8 mol Ca 1 mol CaCl2 How many moles of calcium metal and chlorine gas are produced from the decomposition of 8 mol of calcium chloride? 1 mol Cl2 x mol Cl2 = 8 mol CaCl2 = 8 mol Cl2 1 mol CaCl2

  13. NO31– NO31– NO31– NO31– Pb2+ Pb2+ Na1+ Na1+ I1– I1– Ions in Aqueous Solution Print Copy of Lab Pb(NO3)2(s) + H2O(l) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb2+(aq) + 2 NO31–(aq) add water in solution dissociation: NaI(s) + H2O(l) NaI(aq) Na1+(aq) + I1–(aq) Mix them and get… Balance to get overall ionic equation… Cancel spectator ions to get net ionic equation…

  14. NO31– NO31– NO31– NO31– Pb2+ Pb2+ Na1+ Na1+ Na1+ Na1+ I1– I1– I1– I1– + 2 Na1+(aq) + 2 I1–(aq) Pb2+(aq) + 2 NO31–(aq) + 2 Na1+(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 NO31–(aq) Pb2+(aq) + 2 I1–(aq) PbI2(s) Solubility Chart Mix them and get… PbI2 + NaNO3 (aq) (s) Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NaI(aq) + 2 Na1+(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 NO31–(aq) solid in solution Balance to get overall ionic equation… Cancel spectator ions to get net ionic equation…

  15. Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) + Ba2+(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) + 2 NO31–(aq) OH1– NO31– Ba2+ Zn2+ NO31– OH1– + Ba2+(aq) + 2OH1–(aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2 NO31–(aq) + Ba2+(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) + 2 NO31–(aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH1–(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) Solubility Chart Mix together Zn(NO3)2(aq) and Ba(OH)2(aq): Mix them and get… Ba(NO3)2 and Zn(OH)2 (ppt) (aq) Zn(NO3)2(aq) Ba(OH)2(aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2 NO31–(aq) Ba2+(aq) + 2 OH1–(aq) Balance to get overall ionic equation… Cancel spectator ions to get net ionic equation…

  16. ? 6 2 3 + (NH4)3PO4 + Mg(OH)2 Mg3(PO4)2 NH4OH ammonium phosphate ammonium hydroxide magnesium phosphate magnesium hydroxide OH1- NH41+ Now you try… AlCl3 + Li2CO3  Al2(CO3)3 + LiCl 3 6 2

  17. Identify the spectator ions and write a net ionic equation when an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate is mixed with aqueous ammonium hydroxide. Al3+ Al3+ NH41+ SO42- OH1- OH1- NH41+ SO42- aluminum aluminum sulfate + hydroxide  ammonium ammonium aluminum hydroxide + ammonium sulfate (ppt) (aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6 NH4OH(aq)  2 Al(OH)3 + 3 (NH4)2SO4 2 Al3+(aq) + 3 SO42-(aq) + 6 NH41+(aq) + 6 OH1-(aq)  2 Al(OH)3(ppt) + 6 NH41+(aq) + 3 SO42-(aq) “spectator ions” 2 Al3+(aq) + 6 OH1-(aq)  2 Al(OH)3(ppt) Net Ionic Equation

  18. Meaning of Coefficients 2 atoms Na 1 molecule Cl2 2 molecules NaCl 2 Na + Cl2 2 NaCl 2 g sodium 1 g chlorine 2 g sodium chloride + = 2 mol sodium 1 mol chlorine 2 mol sodium chloride (1 mol Cl2) x (71 g/mol) (2 mol Na) x (23 g/mol) (2 mol NaCl) x (58.5 g/mol) 117 g 46 g 71 g 117 g

  19. Classes of Reactions Chemical reactions Precipitation reactions Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Acid-Base Reactions Combustion Reactions

  20. Summary of Classes of Reactions Chemical reactions Precipitation reactions Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Acid-Base Reactions Combustion Reactions Synthesis reactions (Reactants are elements.) Decomposition reactions (Products are elements.)

  21. Summary of Classes of Reactions Chemical reactions Precipitation reactions Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Acid-Base Reactions Combustion Reactions Synthesis reactions Decomposition reactions

  22. IONIC BONDING: Formation of Magnesium Chloride Cl Cl Mg Mg2+ Cl Cl Loses 2e- Each gains 1e- One magnesium ion Two chloride ions Mg2+ Cl1- [(2+) 2 (1-) = 0] MgCl2 magnesium chloride

  23. IONIC BONDING: Formation of Magnesium Chloride Cl Cl Mg2+ Mg Mg2+ Cl Cl Loses 2e- Each gains 1e- One magnesium ion Two chloride ions Mg2+ Cl1- [(2+) 2 (1-) = 0] MgCl2 magnesium chloride

  24. Resources -Chemical Equations and Reactions Worksheet - vocabulary Worksheet – Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet – Chemical Word Equations Worksheet – Quantitative Relationships in Chem. Eqns. Worksheet – Chemical Equations (paragraph) Worksheet – Real Life Chemistry Worksheet – Balancing Equations (visual) Worksheet - Lab – Ions in Solution Textbook - questions Outline(general)

More Related