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The Evolution of U.S. Foreign Policy: From Isolationism to Intervention (1920s-1940s)

This exploration delves into the shifting dynamics of U.S. foreign policy from the 1920s to the 1940s, highlighting the country’s transition from isolationist tendencies, characterized by the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations, to a more interventionist approach during World War II. Key events such as the Kellogg-Briand Pact, Neutrality Acts, and the Lend-Lease Act are examined, showing how America's stance evolved in response to global conflicts and the need for collective security.

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The Evolution of U.S. Foreign Policy: From Isolationism to Intervention (1920s-1940s)

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  1. 1920’s - ISOLATION Treaty of Versailles USA never signed Treaty! (Harsh conditions for Germany!)

  2. 1920’s - ISOLATION League of Nations USA never joined – no more “entanglements” in other countries’ problems (Harsh conditions for Germany!)

  3. 1920’s - ISOLATION Kellogg Briand Pact Outlawed War! -idealistic -no way to enforce!

  4. 1920’s - ISOLATION Naval Disarmament Conferences Washington, DC – limit battleships London – limit cruisers and destroyers

  5. 1930’s - NEUTRALITY Nye Committee Investigated why USA was drawn into WW I? -bankers and arms dealers for $? “Merchants of Death”!

  6. 1930’s - NEUTRALITY Good Neighbor Policy USA non-intervention in Latin America Multi-lateral interpretation of Monroe Doctrine…include LA opinions less control by USA!

  7. 1930’s - NEUTRALITY Neutrality Acts No arms sales or loans to nations at war or nations involved in civil war!!!

  8. 1930’s - NEUTRALITY FDR’s Quarantine Speech Peaceful nations (90%) should quarantine aggressor nations (10%) to prevent spread of their control. Not well received by some!!!

  9. 1930’s - NEUTRALITY “Cash and Carry” Nations must pay cash and provide transportation for items purchased in USA - don’t repeat situation that led US into WW I (unrestricted submarine warfare against non-military ships)

  10. 1940’s - INTERVENTION Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal USA would provide Britain with 50 “overage” destroyers in return for the right to build naval bases on British territories in Western Hemisphere.

  11. 1940’s - INTERVENTION Lend –Lease Act President of USA can lend or lease equipment to any nation whose defense is considered vital to the defense of the USA.

  12. 1940’s - INTERVENTION “Arsenal of Democracy” Term used to describe importance of US industrial production -USA was valuable supplier to democratic nations at war

  13. 1940’s - INTERVENTION Atlantic Charter • FDR and Churchill meet in Aug. 1941 aboard USS Augusta • Pledged goals for a post war world: • Collective security • Disarmament • Self-determination • Economic cooperation • Freedom of the seas

  14. 1940’s - INTERVENTION “Four Freedoms” FDR’s 1941 State of the Union speech Freedom of speech and expression Freedom of worship Freedom from want Freedom from fear FDR SPEECH http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5iHKtrirjlY&feature=related

  15. American Illustrator, Norman Rockwell’s FOUR FREEDOMS Saturday Evening Post Magazine Covers

  16. Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!

  17. USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

  18. Pearl Harbor Memorial 2,887 Americans Dead!

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