EMC – Safety WEEE – RoHS Compliance Overview Steve Ferguson

1. EMC – Safety WEEE – RoHS Compliance OverviewSteve Ferguson http://www.wll.com

2. Requirements • Established by government legislation • Administered by national and local government bodies • Purpose: • Provide for public safety • Provide for operation of public communication and electronic systems http://www.wll.com

3. Safety concerns • Electrical shock (contact, insulation breakdown) • Energy related (burns, arcing, ejection of molten metal) • Fire (fire spread) • Thermal (contact burn, insulation breakdown, ignition) • Mechanical (cuts, pinch, crush, equipment instability, particulate ejection) • Radiation (sonic, RF, infra-red, ultraviolet, ionizing, high intensity visible) • Chemical (contact, inhalation) http://www.wll.com

4. WEEE-RoHS concerns • Exposure to hazardous materials • Air contamination (inhalation) • Contact (transfer of contamination) • Ingestion (water, etc.) • Waste control • Management of waste volume • Recycling of natural resources http://www.wll.com

5. EMC concerns • Emissions • Potential for interference to electronic equipment • Exposure to radiated energy • Immunity (Susceptibility) • Operation impact from man-made and natural RF energy http://www.wll.com

6. Safety compliance - US • NRTL • Products evaluated to specific safety criteria and listed by the approved laboratory • Ongoing service agreement to assure that listed item maintains conformity • Production testing for critical elements • Electric strength (hi-pot) • Protective earth continuity (ground impedance) • FDA • Products considered medical are evaluated by the FDA through 510K application http://www.wll.com

7. Safety compliance - CE • Directives • Machinery directive (98/37/EC) g calls out safety & EMC • Low voltage directive (73/23/EC) • Medical device directive (93/42/EEC) g calls out safety and EMC • Products evaluated to specific safety criteria for: • Electrical hazards (shock, energy) • Fire hazards (initiating fire, containment) • Burn hazards (access, ignition, insulation breakdown) • Mechanical hazards (access to moving parts, particulate ejection) • Radiation hazards (noise, laser, x-ray, etc.) • Chemical hazards (containment, ventilation) • Product specific standards are used • Manufacturer declares conformity and is responsible to maintain the conformity • Many other directives (toys, pressure vessels, etc.) are active and may apply in conjunction or be specified as clauses http://www.wll.com

8. WEEE-RoHS compliance • US • National legislation not in effect • State governments enacting legislation • California leading • Others have some activity • Europe • Directives in effect • Details in WEEE-RoHS presentation later today http://www.wll.com

9. EMC compliance - US • FCC • US commercial • Applies to • Unintentional emitters • RF transmitters • Regulates emissions (not immunity) • CFR 47, Part 15 • ITE/Digital Devices (CIPSR 22 satisfies requirements) • Receivers • Unlicensed transmitters • CFR47, Parts ---- • Specific parts for designated applications • Part 22 - Cellular devices • Part 90 - Licensed private land mobile radio • Others (Television, Satellite, Education, Amateur, etc.) • FCC OET Bulletin 65, Supplement C • RF Exposure Levels to Humans • ACTA – Administrative Council for Terminal Attachments • Telecommunications – Part 68 http://www.wll.com

10. EMC Compliance - Canada • Industry Canada • Formally Dept. of Communications • ICES-003 – unintentional emitters (US Part 15 harmonized) • CS03 – telecommunications products • RSS-210 – non-licensed RF products • RSS-119 – Land Mobile and Fixed Radio http://www.wll.com

11. EMC Compliance - CE • Directives • EMC Directive • 89/336/EEC (repeal 7/20/2007) • 2004/108/EC (effective 7/20/2007) – conformity by 7/20/2009 • R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC • Intentional emitters • Telecom networks http://www.wll.com

12. EMC Compliance - Other • Military • MIL-STD-464A applies to systems • MIL-STD-461 for equipment (called out by MIL-STD-464A) • National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA Manual) • Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) • US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 1.180 currently in use • Provides for dual path of compliance testing • MIL-STD-461, previously used by EPRI TR-102323 • IEC 61000 series of EMI/RFI test methods • Both approaches impose more stringent requirements than commercial specifications and call out stringent test methods and limits • Telecomm industry • Bellcore (Telcordia) requirements for EMC, safety, environmental • Each company amends with specific requirements http://www.wll.com

13. Safety evaluation basics • General • Are instructions provided for proper installation and operation? • Do warnings and labels conform to standards? • Electrical shock/energy • Is access to shock hazards controlled? • Does chassis damage permit access? • Are components approved? • Fire/Burn • Does operation or a fault present a hazard? • Is potential for fire spread controlled? • Is access to hot surfaces prevented? • Are components approved? • Mechanical • Is access to moving parts controlled? • Is potential for flying debris controlled? • Is the item stable? • Radiation • Is exposure to hazardous radiation controlled? • Are components approved? • Chemical • Is exposure to chemicals controlled? http://www.wll.com

14. EMC emission evaluation basics • General • Are all potential modes of operation examined? • Is the test article representative of production? • Are cables in place that represent recommended? • Intentional emitter • Are emissions contained within the permitted frequency range? • Is the transmit power limited to the maximum allowed? • Does environmental conditions alter the performance? • Are installation and operation instructions provided? • Unintentional emitter • Are radiated emission levels below the allowed threshold? • Are conducted emission levels below the allowed threshold? • Special • Are particular emission modes applicable (e.g., magnetic fields)? • Are harmonic and flicker levels below the allowed threshold? http://www.wll.com

15. EMC immunity evaluation basics • Does the unit perform within tolerance when • Exposed to ESD events? • Exposed to RF radiated fields? • Exposed to electrically fast transients on the cables? • Exposed to induced lightning surge transients on the cables? • Exposed to induced RF current on the cables? • Exposed to magnetic fields? • Exposed to power input voltage dips/interrupts? • Power harmonic energy on the power input? • Radiated transient energy? • Is the performance criteria defined? • Is there a method to monitor performance ? http://www.wll.com

16. Directive 2004/40/EC • Deals with health and safety requirements regarding exposure of workers to risks arising from electromagnetic fields • Compliance mandatory from 30 April 2008 • Generic standard EN 50392 comes into force on 1 October 2006 but is not currently required for demonstrating compliance • EN 50366 providing for magnetic field evaluation of household and similar appliances within the scope of the Low Voltage Directive became mandatory 1 February 2006 http://www.wll.com

17. EMC Design • The next speaker will be dealing with basics of EMC design http://www.wll.com