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Minerals

Minerals. What is a mineral?. Any substance that: Is naturally occuring. Is solid Is organic Has a definite chemical composition. Has a crystal system. Naturally Occuring. Anything that is found/created in nature. Most minerals are formed: From cooled water solutions. From Cooled magma

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals

  2. What is a mineral? Any substance that: • Is naturally occuring. • Is solid • Is organic • Has a definite chemical composition. • Has a crystal system

  3. Naturally Occuring • Anything that is found/created in nature. • Most minerals are formed: • From cooled water solutions. • From Cooled magma • From evaporation of solutions.

  4. Inorganic:Any material that did not form from living material. - Some rocks are organic (coal, limestone).

  5. Definite Chemical Composition A mineral will always have certain elements in distinct proportions. - Some are pure elements: EX: Gold = Au Silver = Ag - Some are compounds: EX: Pyrite = FeS2 Quartz = SiO2

  6. Crystal Systems Crystal Structure: The Repeating Pattern of a mineral’s particles. • Shape of the crystal depends on its definite chemical composition. • Size depends on how quickly the mineral cooled. • The faster = smaller • The smaller = larger

  7. Mineral properties There are 8 characteristics that are unique between different minerals. • Hardness • Luster • Streak • Breakage • Crystal shape • Color • Special Properties • Density (Specific Gravity)

  8. hardness The measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched. Moh’s Hardness Scale • Tested by performing a scratch test. • On a scale 1-10 1 = softest (Talc) 10 = hardest (diamond)

  9. Luster How a mineral reflects light. - EX: Metallic Glassy/Vitreous

  10. Streak Color left behind by a mineral. Tested by: Scraping a mineral against a piece of unglazed tile and observing the color left behind.

  11. breakage How a mineral breaks apart. 2 ways a mineral can break: 1) Cleavage:Breaks with clean smooth edges. 2) Fracture: Breaks with rough uneven edges.

  12. Crystal systems The shape of a mineral’s crystal. • Determined by the chemical composition. • Common: • Hexagonal • Cubic • Triclinic • Monoclinic

  13. Color: The color of the mineral itself. Cannot be used alone to identify a mineral because many minerals can come in many different colors. Density (specific gravity): How much a mineral weighs depending on how big it is. D = m/v (mass/volume) Color and Density

  14. Special properties Some minerals exhibit unique characteristics • Magnetism • Radioactivity • Fluorescence • Etc…

  15. How are these used? We use these 8 properties to identify an unknown mineral. - Tests are performed and compared to known minerals and their properties.

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