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An Introduction to Computer Hardware

An Introduction to Computer Hardware. Nancy B. Clark, MEd USA Family Practice. Objectives. Read a computer ad and understand what is important to know about the hardware Discuss computer hardware intelligently Troubleshoot hardware problems

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An Introduction to Computer Hardware

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  1. An Introduction to Computer Hardware Nancy B. Clark, MEd USA Family Practice

  2. Objectives • Read a computer ad and understand what is important to know about the hardware • Discuss computer hardware intelligently • Troubleshoot hardware problems • Feel comfortable putting a computer together from a box • Select a basic computer to fit your needs

  3. The Computer The Microprocessor Memory Disks and Disk Drives CD-ROMs Modems Sound Cards Cards and Monitors Mice! Keyboards Printers Scanners Ports and Plugs What to Buy Network Outline

  4. Desktops Towers Laptops The Computer

  5. Inside the Box • Power Supply • Motherboard (chips) • Memory RAM • Microprocessor • Bays (adding drives) • Slots (adding ports or cards)

  6. XT 8088 AT 286 386 486 Pentium Pentium Pro with MMX Pentium II Speed megahertz Million processes per second The Microprocessor

  7. XT 8088 AT 286 386 486 Pentium Pentium Pro MMX Pentium II 12 MHz 16 MHz 40 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 200 MHz 450 MHz Speed - megahertz (MHz)

  8. Memory - RAM • Temporary • Measured in bytes • Holds running programs • Holds documents you are editing • 8 M - 1 G (multiples of 8) • Clears when computer off SAVE OFTEN

  9. RAM - Bits and Bytes • Bit: 0 or 1 • Off = 0 • On = 1

  10. 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 Bits to Bytes F = • XT 8 bits = 1 byte or one character of memory • 486, Pentiums 32 bits = 1 byte • The more bits per byte the faster the computer

  11. Bytes • Bytes - one character • KB Kilobytes - thousand • MB Megabytes - million • GB Gigabytes - billion • TB Terabytes - trillion

  12. Disks and Drives Storage Devices • Hard Disk Drives (HDD) • Floppy • Zip • Jaz • Tape

  13. Hard Disk Drives • Store programs you will run • Store files you create • EIDE • SCSI • 1.6 G to 23 G and growing • Has a lot to do with speed of computer

  14. Floppy Drives • 3.5” Floppy 1.4 M - disk $.33 • Zip 100 M $119 - disk $10 • Jaz 1 G $299 - disk $100

  15. Optical Drives • CD-ROM 12X • Read/Write Optical Drives • DVD Digital Video Disk • Software comes on CDs • Much faster installation

  16. Cards and Monitors • Video Card • Memory 4M + is good • Resolution - number of pixels and colors • VGA 640-480 16 color • SVGA 800-600+ 256 - 16 million colors • Monitor (has to match card) • Sizes: 13” 15” 17” 21” Big Screen TV • Dot Pitch - distance between pixels (.26) (smaller is better)

  17. Sound Cards and Multimedia • MM = SC + CD + Speakers • FM Synthesis - mimics sounds • Wavetable Synthesis - real sounds • Soundblaster compatible • Microphone input

  18. Video Input Cards • Attach CamCorder or Cable TV • Record Video (Caution: Storage) • See-U-See Me • MPEG • Memory 2- 4MB

  19. Modem • Connect to Phone Lines • Call Internet Provider • Chat • Send and Receive Fax • Answering Machine • Speed of essence • Early: 2400 Baud (bits per second) • 33.6 - 56 Kbps (kilo bits per second)

  20. CTRL (CTRL-B) ALT (ALT-F) Shift Function Keys F1 Insert Delete Escape Arrows Backspace Home End PageUp PageDown Enter (Return) Keyboards (there is no ANY key)

  21. Click Double-click Drag Left and right mouse button CURSOR - Arrow on screen that tells where you are Track Balls Touch pads The Mouse

  22. Types (in order of cost) Dot Matrix Ink-jet Laser Thermal Dye Transfer Color? Resolution (DPI Dots Per Inch) 100 so-so 300 better 600 excellent 1200 $$$$$$$$$$$ PPM - Pages Per Minute Toner Costs Printers

  23. Scanners • Digitize pictures (graphics) • Digitize text • Types • Hand • Flatbed • Scanman (insert) • Same rules as Printers • Resolution DPI - color

  24. Ports and Plugs • Serial • Parallel (8 wires) • SCSI • Males and females • The right plug for the right port

  25. Computers IBM (Thinkpad) Gateway Dell Compaq HP Micron NEC Toshiba Monitors Sony Panasonic NEC Printers/Scanners Hewlett-Packard Epson Modem US Robotics Global Village What to Buy?

  26. Zip and Jaz Iomega www.pcmag.com www.computershopper.com www.gateway.com www.dell.com Rules Made in Japan a Good thing Made in Korea not a good thing Service calls Free 24 hour tech support 3 year Warranty What to Buy?

  27. Troubleshooting your computer • Check Power • Check Plugs • Disks in Drive • Shut down and restart

  28. Networks • Things to Know • LAN • WAN • Client/Server • Peer to Peer • Routers • Backbones • Remote Access

  29. LAN - Local Area Network Peer to Peer Network

  30. LAN - Local Area Network Server FAMMED Client

  31. Software/Files • Windows NT (Server) • E-Mail (Exchange Server) • Scheduling • EMR • MS Office, Publisher, Project • Public Files (Shared Files) • User Files (Backup of non-shared files) • Medical References • Win95 or MAC OS • User Specific software like SPSS • Web Browser, telnet • Non-shared files • Network Client Software - Protocols

  32. Router WAN - Wide Area Network Backbone

  33. Family Practice Router Biomedical Library WAN USA-MC 2001 Backbone

  34. 144.23.7.86 144.23.7.87 IP Address Internet Jaguar1.usouthal.edu

  35. Remote Access

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