CSCI-1305 Introduction to Computer Hardware

1. CSCI-1305 Introduction to Computer Hardware Introduction to Computers

2. What is a Computer? • A computer is . . . a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. • A machine is anything that makes work easier. • Data is anything in a form suitable for use with a computer thru the use of instructions • Instructions are any sequence of statements or declarations written in some human-readable computer programming language.

3. What is Hardware? What is Software? • Electronic instructions stored on your computer that cause the computer to respond to your instructions Any part of your computer you can see, feel or touch.

4. Example of a Computer • A calculator makes manipulating numbers easier. • Numbers are the form of data suitable for use with a calculator. • Instructions to the calculator are the buttons pressed in sequence that produce some desired result. • Other examples?

5. Types of Computers Large Scale Computers Medium Scale Computers Small Scale Computers Very Small Scale Computers Embedded Computers

6. Large ScaleComputers • Super Computers • NASA – number crunching • Government - logistics • Universities - research • Mainframes • Usually used for inventory, customer accounts, employee payroll (big businesses like Amazon or Walmart would use mainframes)

7. Medium ScaleComputers • Servers Small Businesses needs • Dedicated Uses • Printing • Directories (User Logins) • Email (Dedicated Purpose) • Webhosting • Database • Application

8. Small ScaleComputers • Desktops • Towers • Vertical form factor • Horizontal form factor • Workstations • All-in-oneform factor • Laptops/Netbooks • Spacesaving • Energysaving • Tablets • Mobile • Ipad Even though all of these computers fit in the Small Scale Category, the smaller laptops, netbooks, and tablets are not usually as powerful as the larger desktops.

9. Very SmallScale Computers • PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) • Palm OS • Windows Mobile • Other Unix based • Mobility devices • Cell Phones (Blackberry, Samsung, LG, HTC) • PVP/PVR (IPOD, Zune, Archos) • Gaming (PSP, Nintendo DS) • Smart Phones • IPhone • Droid • The most common operating systems that run on PDA devices include iPhone, Blackberry, Android, and Windows Mobile.

10. Embedded Devices • Targets specific application instead of platform • Refrigerators • Washer/Dryers • Microwave Ovens • Televisions • Air conditioners • Automobiles • DVR • VCR

11. What is a Computer? • A computer is . . . a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. • A machine is anything that makes work easier. • Data is anything in a form suitable for use with a computer thru the use of instructions • Instructions are any sequence of statements or declarations written in some human-readable computer programming language.

12. Supercomputers(Large Scale) • Data • Bioinformatics • Human body system functions • Astronomical entities, spacial coordinates • Scenario based probability and statistics • Logistical numbers • Instructions • Calculations needed to simulate body functions, celestial events, crunch numbers

13. Mainframes(Large Scale) • Data • Customer Accounts – Very Large Corporations • Inventory – What Companies Need • Sales – What Companies Sell • Employee Payroll • Instructions • Customer Information • Quantity on Hand of Inventory • Amount of Sale • Hours Worked

14. Servers(Medium Scale) • Data • Your emails (An Email server is a medium scale computer) • Your term papers to print • Your request to go to a website • Instructions • Is the email spam • Which paper gets printed first • The html code to format the webpage as you see it displayed

15. Desktops & Laptops(Small Scale) • Data • Your Music • Your videos • Your Microsoft or Open Office documents • Instructions • Play your music in stereo on your speakers including the base • Allow your video to be shown on your monitor • Open, close, delete, print your documents

16. Tablets & Netbooks(Small Scale) • Data • Online Books (Kindle, Nook, etc.) • Online Videos (Netflix, Redbox, Blockbuster) • Games • Instructions • Download new material • Play Media • Access Online content

17. PDA & Mobility(Very Small Scale) • Data • Addresses • Phone numbers • Appointments • Instructions • Interface with your SIM (subscriber identity module) card so that the call connects • Make the unit alert you to an appointment you have scheduled

18. Embedded • Data • Your input on the specific device • Instructions • Tivo – record your selected programs • Microwave - pop your popcorn • Frig. - keep your frozen foods frozen • Washer - begin the rinse cycle • Modem - connect your computer to the internet

19. What Makes up a Computer? RAM (Temporary Storage) Video Card (Quality of Graphics) Mother Board (Printed Circuit Board Containing principle components) CPU (Central Processing Unit) Sound Card (Quality of Sound) (Example: You might buy a different sound card if you wanted to use surround sound) Network Card (Connection)

20. Computer Components • Processor(s) – CPU • Input devices • Memory • Output devices • Storage devices • Communication devices

21. History of Processors (CPU) • Single CPU 8086/286/386/486/Pentuim • Dual core – most common today • Quad core • Silicon Wafers Based on the history of CPU’s, a 286 processor is less powerful than a Pentium processor.

22. Dual Core Processor • Most common processors are Intel and AMD Dual core does not run 2 times faster and quad core does not run 4 times faster. The reason is that both are still funneled into the same cache.

23. About Processors • Most today are dual core • The Two Major Vendors Are: • Intel • AMD • Mobile Devices • Samsung • Motorola • Others Dual Core Pentium most common while Quad core is becoming more common

24. Input Devices • Mouse – wired vs wireless • Keyboard • Stylus • Touch pad, track point • Presentation/Audience Response Clicker • Scanner/copier/Checkout scanner • Camera

25. Computer Memory • RAM • Cache (The CPU can get to cache faster) (Ram and cache are not exactly the same thing)

26. Computer Memory • The more you want the more it costs • Believe or not – memory for older machines cost more even though you are getting less memory for your dollar. • Cache memory is costly, but worth the price if performance is an issue Buying memory upgrades (RAM) for older computers is expensive because you are are buying older technology that is actually more costly.

27. Output Devices • Monitor • Sound • Pay for sound quality • Legacy vs. sound card • Speaker Quality • Video • Pay for video speed and pixel quality • Printer • Laser vs. Inkjet

28. Types of Storage • Hard drive • Internal • External • CD (Often for Music) • DVD • Flash • Solid state – newest • Like RAM (Temporary) • Short Life Expectancy • Solid state storage (SSS) is a new type of computer storage media that is made from silicon microchips. (There are many different styles and sizes of flash media storage)

29. Storage Devices • Storage Devices • Today’s drives are measured in Gigabytes and Terabytes – next peta, exa, zetta… • The faster the drive and the larger the drive, the costlier. • Internal drives are the cheapest • External drives use Firewire and USB hookup. • Most Optical drives (CD/DVD/Blu Ray) come standard as RW on machinestoday • Solid State Hard Drives

30. Uses of Storage • PDA (personal digital assistant) devices are used for appointments and emails – iPhone, etc. • Flash Drives are convenient for storing various files • GPS devices are used for driving directions • CD’s can be used to store music • DVD’s can be used se music and videos

31. Communication Speeds • Communication • Modem • 56k • DSL • Cable • Network • 10 megabit • 100 megabit • 1 gigabit Communication speedsare measured in gigabits. Storage device sizes are measured inGigaBytes

32. Computer Components • Processor = CPU • Input Devices = Clickers, mouse, keyboards,etc. • Memory = RAM • Output Devices = Speakers, Printers, Monitors • Storage Devices = CD, DVD, Hard Drive, Flash Drives

33. Common Major Vendors • Dell • Acer • HP • Apple

34. What is a Computer? • A computer is . . . a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. • A machine is anything that makes work easier. • Data is anything in a form suitable for use with a computer thru the use of instructions • Instructions are any sequence of statements or declarations written in some human-readable computer programming language.

35. Types of Computers Large Scale Computers Medium Scale Computers Small Scale Computers Very Small Scale Computers Embedded Computers

36. Computer Components • Processor(s) – CPU • Input devices • Memory • Output devices • Storage devices • Communication devices

37. Study Hard! • Go to www.PracticeFiles.com and find the PowerPoint review. • Open the file and study! • Good Luck!