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Understanding Sensory Receptor Cells and Their Role in Sensory Processing

This lecture delves into sensory receptor cells, which are specialized sensors that convert environmental stimuli into electrical signals through changes in membrane potential. It covers various types of receptors including chemoreceptors for smell and taste, mechanoreceptors for touch, as well as the structure and function of the auditory and visual systems. Key concepts include sensory transduction, the anatomy of the ear, and the processing of visual information in the retina, emphasizing the role of different receptor types in conveying sensory information to the central nervous system.

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Understanding Sensory Receptor Cells and Their Role in Sensory Processing

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Ch 35 Sensors AP Lecture

  2. Sensory Receptor Cells • Sensors or receptors that convert sensory stimuli into change in membrane potential. This causes an action potential which conveys sensory information to the CNS for processing and interpretation. • Specific stimuli • Chemoreceptors- chemical signals

  3. Olfaction- sense of smell, olfactory sensors • Gustation- sense of taste, taste buds work with olfactory receptors • Mechanoreceptors- detect physical force • Skin • Hair cells

  4. Sensory Transduction • Starts with a receptor protein that opens or closes ion channels in response to a stimuli • Receptor potential is the change in membrane potential of the receptor cell in response to a stimuli. If the signal needs to travel a long distance then the receptor must cause an action potential.

  5. Auditory • Outer ear • Ear tissue collects sound and channels it into the auditory canal • Ear drum, tympanic membrane, covers the end of the canal and vibrates in response to sound waves.

  6. Middle ear • Air filled cavity • Contains three delicate bones, ossicles • Bones amplify vibrations from ear drum to oval window • Hammer • Avil • Stirrup

  7. Middle ear connects to the throat through the eustachian tube, allowing equilibrium of air pressure in and out ear.

  8. Inner ear • Two sets of fluid filled canals • Vestibular system, organ of balance • cochlea • Snail shell shaped • Organ of hearing • Has hair cells that release neurotransmitters into sensory organs which causes an action potential to the brain

  9. Visual • Photosensitivity • Rod cells • Capture light • Stack of discs in plasma membrane packed with pigment, rhodopsin • Located in the retina

  10. Photoreceptors • Cone cells • Color vision • In retina

  11. Image forming eyes • Lens that focuses images on an internal surface that is sensitive to light

  12. Eye is a fluid filled structure bound by a tough connective tissue, sclera • Cornea, transparent layer allows light to enter the eye • Iris is the muscle that operates the size of the pupil • Lens adjusts the focus of the image • Retina receives and process visual information and sends visual signal to the brain

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