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Development of an Improved Process-Based Ammonia Model for Agricultural Sources

Development of an Improved Process-Based Ammonia Model for Agricultural Sources. ISSRC University of California at Riverside University of California at Davis ENVIRON Iowa State University Virginia Tech University September 26, 2005. Outline. Introduction Model Development (teaser)

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Development of an Improved Process-Based Ammonia Model for Agricultural Sources

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  1. Development of an Improved Process-Based Ammonia Model for Agricultural Sources ISSRC University of California at Riverside University of California at Davis ENVIRON Iowa State University Virginia Tech University September 26, 2005

  2. Outline • Introduction • Model Development (teaser) • Data Requirements & Sources • Model Results

  3. NH3 Model Development Team • University of California, Riverside • Zion Wang • Yinqun Wang • Gail Tonnesen • University of California, Davis • Prof. Ruihong Zhang • Prof. James Fadel • Prof. Tom Rumsey • Virginia Tech University • Prof. Jactone Arogo (formerly at North Carolina State University) • Iowa State University • Prof. Hongwei Xin • Dr. Yi Liang • ENVIRON International Corporation • Gerard Mansell • Stella Shepard • Mike Masonjones • Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO) & Inter-RPO funds • Sponsoring/Funding Agency

  4. Additional Scientific Contributors • Richard Koelsch (U. of Nebraska) • Don D. Jones (Purdue Univ.) • Ted Funk (U. of Illinois) • Larry Jacobson (U. of Minnesota) • David Schmidt (U. of Minnesota) • James P. Murphy (Kansas State Univ.) • Joseph Harner (Kansas State Univ.) • Harold Keener (Ohio State Univ.) • Dick Nicolai (South Dakota State Univ.) • Brian Holmes (Univ. of Wisconsin) • Ed DePeters (UC Davis) • Ralph Ernst (UC Davis) • Kirk Klasing (UC Davis) • Jim Oltjen (UC Davis) • Kent Parker (UC Davis) • Peter Robinson (UC Davis) • Anders Strathe (Denmark) • Jeff Lorimor (Iowa State Univ.) • Leo Timms (Iowa State Univ.) • Dan Meyer (Iowa State Univ.) • Charlie D. Fulhage (Univ. of Missouri)

  5. Broilers

  6. Layers

  7. Swine

  8. Beef

  9. Dairy

  10. Processes Involved in Ammonia Emissions • Ammonia generation • Urea hydrolysis via enzymes • Organic nitrogen mineralization via bacteria • Aqueous chemical reactions • Ammonia transfer from water phase to air phase • Diffusion • Convection mass transfer

  11. Process-based Scientific Approach • Consider and analyze all physical, chemical and biochemical processes and reactions that take place and influence ammonia emission rate, • Employ processed based mechanistic and empirical models (new and existing), • Keep mass balances for the flow of nitrogen through each component of an animal waste management system.

  12. Manure Management Train (MMT) Animal Housing and Management Practices

  13. Processed Based NH3 Model w/ Commercial Fertilizers • NH3 Animal Allocation Processor • NH3 Farm Emissions Model: • Animal excretion model • Housing emissions model • Feedlot emissions model • Storage emissions model, and • Land emissions model • Animal species considered: • Dairy cows • Beef cattle • Swine • Poultry (layers, broilers, and turkeys) • Commercial Fertilizers

  14. Animal Allocation Processor (AAP) Farm Emission Model (FEM) Land Animal N Housing Storage Application Excretion Emission Emission Emission Process-based NH3 Model Flow Diagram

  15. Animal Allocation Processor • Distribute county-level animal head counts to defined Manure Management Trains (MMTs) • Spatially allocate MMTs to grid cells using gridded surrogates (agricultural land) • Format input data for Farm Emission Model (FEM) • Actual Farm Data • Commercial Fertilizers

  16. NH3 NH3 NH3 Animals Manure +Water Housing Land Application Storage & Treatment NH3-N Org N Confinement (Mechanically ventilated or Naturally ventilated) Open Feedlot Dairy Beef cattle Swine Layers Broilers Turkeys Under-floor pit Outside storage (liquid, solid) Surface Application - Farm Emissions Model

  17. NH3 Emissions Calculation in FEM • FEM computes NH3 emissions with animal numbers by each Manure Management Train (MMT) for each grid cell: • Reads in ASCII outputs from AAP • Reads in meteorology file from CONCEPT met tables • Run Animal Excretion Model • Based upon MMTID: • Run Housing Emissions Model • Run Storage/Feedlot Emissions Model • Run Land Emissions Model • Output total NH3 based on animal type & MMTID • Output commercial fertilizer NH3 emissions estimates

  18. FEM – Housing Model NH3 Equations

  19. Process Flow Chart & Decision TreeDairy

  20. Process Flow Chart & Decision TreeSwine

  21. Commercial Fertilizer Emissions • Default (Placeholder) Approach • Fertilizer Amounts by County • Spatial Allocation Using Gridded Surrogates • Processed through FEM in anticipation of improved estimation methodologies dependent on meteorology and environmental parameters

  22. AAP Input Data Sources • Livestock Data • 2002 and 1997 Census of Agriculture Data • EPA MMT Distributions • Revised MMT by ISU for Midwest states • FEM Defaults from UCD and ISU • EPA Animal Population Category  FEM Categories from UCD and ISU • Commercial Fertilizers • Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) NH3 Model • County-level fertilizer application rates by month for 2002

  23. FEM Input/Output • Input Data • AAP ASCII outputs • Meteorological Data • Lat/Lon Coordinates • Wind velocity and direction • Relative Humidity, Rain, • Frictional velocity, etc. • Output Data • Based upon animal type & MMTID • Format: • CONCEPT ready format • NIF 3.0 format • ASCII csv format

  24. Preliminary Model Results • Model run for State of Kentucky • Results for July 6, 2002 • Housing and Storage Only • Hourly, county-level NH3 Emissions by animal species, MMT • Comparison w/ WRAP LU-based NH3 Emission Model

  25. Hourly NH3 Emissions for Beef forNC, OH, TX, WA, WI

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