The Scientific Method

1. The Scientific Method There is not a single universal set of steps used to solve every problem. The Sci. Method is a general approach to problem solving.

2. Observation • Use of senses to obtain information • Can involve making measurements and collecting data • Data (information) can be • Qualitative • Quantitative

3. Hypothesis • An educated guess that answers a question/solves a problem formulated after observation • Must be TESTABLE • Serves as basis for experimentation

4. Experiment • Testing a hypothesis • Tests yield data (quantitative or qualitative) • Controls = conditions that remain constant • Variables = conditions that change • Independent variable • Dependent variable

5. Data • Can be expressed in graphs, charts, tables. • Graphs

6. Discussion and Publication • Experimental data are analyzed and discussed • Results can be published to communicate with other scientists and add to an ever-growing body of knowledge

7. Models and Theories • When experiments support hypotheses, scientists try to explain phenomena using models • Visual, verbal, mathematical • Theory = broad generalization that explains a body of FACTS or phenomena • Repeatedly verified over long period of time

8. Lab Procedures • Secure long hair • Wear safety goggles AT ALL TIMES • Wear apron to protect clothing • Follow ALL instructions EXACTLY • Come prepared having completed a pre lab write-up in your lab notebook (I will check this before you are allowed to participate)

9. Lab Reports • Purpose/question (pre-lab) • Hypothesis (pre-lab) • Materials and procedure (pre-lab) • Data, graphs, etc. (during and after) • Conclusions and discussion (after) • Lab reports are to be done in ink (no white-out, see syllabus) and placed in your lab notebook • Lab notebooks are due 1st thing Monday following lab