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Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning. Learning Basics. Learning: the relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Ex. When you gain experience with basic algebra principles, your behavior on an Algebra II test changes (hopefully…)

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Classical Conditioning

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  1. Classical Conditioning

  2. Learning Basics • Learning: the relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience • Ex. When you gain experience with basic algebra principles, your behavior on an Algebra II test changes (hopefully…) • We tend to learn from association (our brain pairs stimuli that occur in succession) • Smoking cigarettes while drinking coffee makes it harder to quit smoking because we associate one behavior with another.

  3. Classical Conditioning • Ivan Pavlov was studying digestion in dogs. • Discovered that dogs would salivate before food was in their mouths

  4. Classical Conditioning • A learning procedure where an organism can be trained to have an automatic response to a conditioned stimulus • You’re training them to have a reaction to something • Neutral stimulus: stimulus with no initial response. • Ex. The bell or tuning fork being rung. • Unconditioned stimulus (US): item that elicits a certain, predictable response. • Ex. the meat. • Unconditioned response (UR): the natural response to the US. Ex. salivating

  5. Classical Conditioning • Conditioned Stimulus (CS): neutral stimulus that is paired with the US. It is later used on its own to elicit a reaction • Ringing a bell (or tuning fork) with the meat. Typically, right before the US is presented. • Conditioned Response (CR): the LEARNED reaction to a CS • Takes some training to achieve this learning.

  6. Some Additional Principles • People and animals often generalize (have the same response) to two or more similar conditioned stimuli • Salivate to a bell, chime, or gong • It is possible to also discriminate between two stimuli and respond differently to them • Salivate when you see chocolate ice cream but not vanilla

  7. Extinction • Extinction: gradual disappearance of a Conditioned Response (CR) when the Conditioned Stimulus (CS) is repeatedly presented without the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) • Dog begins to not salivate when it hears the ringing bell without meat involved. • Spontaneous Recoveryoccurs when, after a CR is extinct, it reappears when then CS is presented again w/o the US • Dog randomly salivates again when the bell is rung, even after several days of no response.

  8. Taste Aversion • Ex. You go to a restaurant and order the raw oysters as an appetizer before your steak. When you become sick later that night, you will blame the oysters. • When you go to a restaurant again and a waiter walks by with a platter of raw oysters, you suddenly feel like you are going to throw up. • What are the US, UR, CS, CR?

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