Chinese Leadership

1. Chinese Leadership Comparative Gov’t 2013 First Semester

2. Sun Yat-Sen Auz, Trevor, Derek, David

3. Background • Born into a peasant family in 1866 • Studied in Honolulu and Hong Kong (medical training) • Practiced medicine in China and Japan • Organized his own party revolving around nationalism, democracy, and socialism • Won support of Chinese elites living abroad

4. Presidency and Coup • Was chosen as president of the new Republic of China following 1911 revolt against monarchy • Forced out of power by a military coup • Organized Guomintang (Nationalist Party) to fight restoration of the monarchy

5. Later Life • Married the daughter of a prominent banking family to gain support among Chinese expats and in the U.S. • Military success declined due to a lack allies • Combined forces with Chinese Communists and Soviet Union to successfully fight the monarchist forces until his death until 1925

6. Chiang Kai-Shek By: Philip, Megan, Ryan, and Natalie

7. Early Life • Chiang Kai-Shek was born in 1887 • Grew up as a peasant • Trained at the Military Academy in Tokyo, Japan when he turned 18, being attracted to the military life

8. Return to China • Returned to China after collapse of monarchy and became the Guomintang after Sun Yat-Sen. • He was an anti-communist • He reached out to business owners and Americans anti-communists.

9. WWII • United States was allied with Chiang’s government against Japan • American monetary aid was used to fight against the internal communist threat, rather than foreign power. • He was kidnapped and was forced to work with the communists. • The Chinese looked up the communists as the actual victors in the war against Japan, and a civil war broke up.

10. After WWII • Chiang attempted to become president after the war. • Civil War broke out between he and the communists. • His military was no match for the communists, and he fled to Taiwan.

11. Mao Tse-Tung • Born a peasant farmer in 1983 • Attended primary school with aid from relatives • Served in army after 1911 revolution • After, attended more school • Worked as teacher, writer for radical causes • July 1921: Attended First Congress of Chinese Communist Party • 1923: Elected to Central Committee • Proclaimed PRC in 1949 • Died in 1976

12. Accomplishments • 1920s • Started schools for peasants • Organized protests against unfair and greedy landlords • Established Chinese Soviet Republic in SE China • Land redistribution increased popularity • “Long March” (1934) • Chiang Kai-shek set out to defeat Communists • War raged for more than three years, forced Communists into remote NW • Mao led Communist forces • WWII ends: Gained control of Manchuria, north China • Assisted by USSR

13. Accomplishments • Led Communist Party during civil war, forced out Guomintang • Chairman of PRC until after Great Leap Forward disaster • Remained Chair with little power • 1966: Launched Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution • Goal: To create a new egalitarian Chinese society, led by socialists, i.e. Mao • People encouraged to attack, criticize opponents of goals • Opponents (elitists, capitalists) sent to work with peasants • Largely a time of chaos and anarchy

14. Deng Xiaoping Anna, Taylor, Hunter, Chloe

15. Biography • Son of a legal scholar • Political career began when he joined a boycott of Japanese goods • Went to France to get an education • Joined Students to form a communist party • After returning to China in the 1950’s he became one of the top leaders in the party

16. Political Career • Conflicts with Mao • He was dismissed for government because he was a “Capitalist Roader” • 1970’s he was appointed Vice-Premier • Worked on economic rebuilding • Purged from government again • Implemented the “responsibility system” • Raised rural standards of living • Opened China to foreign trade and investment • Kicked off economic growth • Negotiated to ensure the return of Hong Kong to China • Advocated for economic liberalization • Ordered the PLA to suppress pro-democracy demonstrators in Tiananmen Square

17. Jiang Zemin

18. Hu Jintao By Ryan Fields and Racheal Koentopp

19. Early life • Born in 1942 of a merchant family. • Went to qinghua university because of his academic abilities. • Joined communist party as a teenager and worked his way up the party • He was a party official in the poor rural western provinces.

20. Rise to presidency • Through his connections, he became a national leader in the CYL • He continued to be promoted until he became a prominent figure in the party • In 2003, he was elected president of the PRC

21. Early life • Born in 1942 of a merchant family. • Went to Qinghuauniversity because of his academic abilities. • Joined communist party as a teenager and worked his way up the party • He was a party official in the poor rural western provinces.

22. Xi Jinping Current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China

23. Early life • He is the son of Xi Zhongxun and was born in 1953 and grew up in Beijing. • His father was a member of the communist party under Mao. But was then purged, sent on one those “Go break rocks for a year” escapades. • He then earned a chemical engineering degree from Tsinghua University in Beijing and joined the communist party in 1974 • 5th Generation of Chinese Communist Leaders

24. Political career • Joined communist youth league – 1971 • Joined communist party – 1974 • Promoted to Governor of Fujian - 1999 • Renewed the campaign against government corruption. • Was put in charge of the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. • Promotes the “Chinese Dream” • Calls for economic reforms and a strong military. • Ranked 9th in the top 10 most powerful men in the world (as of 2012) {Forbes}