Chapter 19 by Grade 8

1. Chapter 19 by Grade 8

2. Inventors • The second industrial revolution was fueled by inventors like Henry Bessemer who found a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheeply. • This opened the door for others who would forge ahead in areas such as railroads, automotive, and the oil industries. • The second industrial revolution introduced new technology and new sources of power

3. February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931 Thomas Edison A DEAD MAN

4. Early Life • Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, and grew up in Port Huron, Michigan. He was the seventh child of Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr, and Nancy Matthews Elliott. • He had hearing problems at an early age. • His mother home-schooled him.

5. Lights, Camera, Edison • Edison did not invent the first electric light bulb, but instead invented the first commercially practical incandescent light. • Some of the first light bulbs had many flaws, including short life, and very expensive.

6. Stuff in his MeMoRy • In West Orange, New Jersey, The Glenmont estate there is the Edison National historic site. The Thomas Alva Edison Memorial Tower and Museum is in the town of Edison, New Jersey. In Beaumont, Texas, there is an Edison Museum, though Edison never visited there.

7. Cool Stuff He Made • Electricity and Lightbulb • Motion Picture Camera • Phonograph

8. Alexander Graham Bell By Anthony Peña

9. Hobbies and Family life. • Alexander Graham Bell had a very unique hobby. He had a taste for ventriloquism. • Both of his brothers, Edward and Melville, suffered from tuberculosis. • He had two daughters, Marian and Elsie. • His wife was Mabel Gardiner Hubbard (m. 1877–1922)

10. Inventions • He invented a device to make his mother hear him better because his mother was mostly deaf. • Due to his mother’s deafness, Bell became fascinated with acoustics. • On October 9, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas A. Watson talked by telephone to each other over a two-mile wire stretched between Cambridge and Boston. It was the first wire conversation ever held.

11. Later Years and Memorials and Death • Alexander Graham Bell had a memorial statue that kind of looks like Lincoln’s memorial. • Bell died of complications arising from diabetes on August 2, 1922, at his private estate, BeinnBhreagh, Nova Scotia, at age 75.

12. Henry Ford

13. Early life He was born in July 30 1863 He was born in Wayne county near Deerborn, Michigan. At 16 he became an apprentice for a machinist in Detroit. He died in 1947 on April 7 in his Deerborn estate He was considered one of Americas most successful business men

14. Early career He was hired at Edison illumination company in 1883. He became head engineer because of his natural talent In 1896 he presented his first auto mobile the ford Quadricycle to Thomas Edison.

15. Ford motor company In 1903 ford motor company was created 1908 the model T was introduced This product was very successful The assembly line was introduced in 1914 to make cars faster Ford gave his employees a $5 wage to keep them loyal to his company

16. By Nathan and kinda Paul The Wright Brothers ..

17. The First(Successful) Flight • On December 17, 1903, the brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright successfully flew the first gas powered, piloted plane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina • The airplane had a lightweight build, using a small gas-powered engine

18. Wilbur and Orville Wright • Orville(August 19, 1871-1948) and Wilbur(April 16, 1867-1912) were American brothers and inventors who were credited with inventing the first successful Airplane

19. Flight stuff • The first plane soared at an altitude 10 feet • The plane sustained flight for 12 seconds

20. Big Business • Advanced technology and the use of oil and electric power helped American business grow • The shape of the American economy changed • Some companies grew so large that they began to dominate entire industries • These are their stories…

21. Andrew Carnegie: billionaire, business man, and a pretty cool Scottish guy By Sam Bowen

22. Life and business • He was born in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland, UK • He is worth 293.4 billion dollars in today's money. • He led the revolution for steel • He was also one of the highest profile philanthropists • His life has often been referred to as a true "rags to riches" story.

23. Other cool facts • He started Carnegie hall. • The Carnegie deli is named after him. • He built many institutes. • He only had one daughter. • He is Scottish. • He grew up very poor.

24. *Not actually Andrew Carnegie*

25. John D. Rockefeller A billionaire and dead.

26. Born on July 8, 1839 and died on May 23, 1937. • He also made the subway with underground trains.

27. He was rich and smart. • John Davison Rockefeller:was an American business magnate and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, and was the first great U.S. business trust. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry, and along with other key contemporary industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie, defined the structure of modern philanthropy.

28. Philanthropy • The practice of giving money and time to make life easier for others.

29. Leland Stanford By Josh Elstad

30. Early Life • Leland Stanford was born in 1825 to a farming family in New York. • He studied law at the University of Wisconsin, after attending excellent private schools throughout his childhood. • He married Jane Stanford, and they had one child, Leland Stanford Jr.

31. After Schooling • He was instrumental in building the western section of the transcontinental railroad. • He was the governor of California in 1862. • He was very rich and successful and lived in California. • He founded Leland Stanford University named after his son Leland Stanford, Jr. who died as a teenager.

32. When he was old • After a life of building a business empire, and many other accomplishments, such as founding Stanford University, and making a library in Milwaukee, he died at age 69.

33. Social Darwinism By Daniel Votel

34. What is Social Darwinism? • The dictionary definition is: the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform. • It basically means that the most qualified individuals will succeed in society. • “Survival of the Fittest”

35. About Social Darwinism • In the late eighteen hundreds, many people were being disturbed by the rate of growth of large buissneses. • Some thought that businesses were butting in on the government and would be controlling the nation. • The business owners used the principal of Social Darwinism to explain their actions.

36. Excuses • Major businessmen like Andrew Carnegie and John Rockefeller used the principle of social Darwinism to explain why they were so successful instead of the common folk. • The real reason was most likely that they were rich, popular, and better educated.

37. Now • Now, social Darwinism is abandoned because we believe that anyone can be successful.

38. Monopoly

39. What is a monopoly? • A monopoly is total ownership of a product or service.

40. An example of one • AT&T is a modern monopoly

41. Wall Street has many monopolies

42. Rockefeller • He owns standard oil that was a major monopoly

43. Industrial Workers • The rise of corporations and the establishment of monopolies gave big business a great deal of power • Workers began to organize and take action against bad working conditions and other problems

44. By Chloe Fred Taylor

45. His Life • His name is Frederick Winslow Taylor. • He was born on March 20th , 1856. • He died on March 21st , 1915

46. Scientific Management • In 1909, as an efficiency engineer, he wrote a book called The Principles of Scientific Management. • In this book, he encourages managers to view workers as interchangeable parts. He wanted to make people work harder and longer for less money. • People who listened to Taylor paid less attention to working conditions.

47. What the Effect Was • Injuries increased • Small crowded rooms • Unsafe workplaces • Long hours • Low pay • No job security

48. American Federation of Labor (AFL) By: Ben Hines

49. Foundation • Founded by Samuel Gompers. • Organized individual national unions, such as the mineworkers’ and steelworkers’. • Limited its membership to skilled workers. • Tried to get better wages, hours, and working conditions for the laborers.

50. Foundation: continued • Founded in Columbus, Ohio. • Founded in May 1886. • Was the largest union grouping in the United States for the first half of the 20th century.