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The Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment. What does it mean to be “enlightened”?. To gain knowledge and wisdom: to be freed from prejudice, ignorance, or superstition. What is the Enlightenment commonly referred to as?. The Age of Reason. What is “reason”?. To think logically.

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The Age of Enlightenment

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  1. The Age of Enlightenment

  2. What does it mean to be “enlightened”?

  3. To gain knowledge and wisdom: to be freed from prejudice, ignorance, or superstition

  4. What is the Enlightenment commonly referred to as?

  5. The Age of Reason

  6. What is “reason”?

  7. To think logically

  8. How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from scientists?

  9. They applied reason to the “human world” not just the natural world! The Human world includes government and law Natural World: Scientists applied reason to it using the scientific method

  10. When was the Enlightenment?

  11. 1600-1800 17th and 18th centuries

  12. How were the Enlightenment and Renaissance different?

  13. The Renaissance thinkers looked for truth through an examination of the ideas and art of ancient Greece and Rome but the philosophes of the Age of Reason drew inspiration from the work of the seventeeth century’s mathematicians and scientists.

  14. What new form of literature evolved during the Age of Enlightenment?

  15. The novel

  16. Who wrote Don Quixote?

  17. Miguel de Cervantes Cervantes was from Spain

  18. What was Don Quixote about?

  19. It was a story about an idiotic knight - the book made fun of knights and the middle ages

  20. What was significant about Don Quixote?

  21. It was the first novel (fiction-- not a true story)

  22. Personalities of the Enlightenment philosophies = advocates of the Enlightenment, they were a talented elite, they were lovers of wisdom who corresponded with one another to compare thier latest views and announce their publications - mostly of Frenchorigin, but there were also some in England, Scotland, Germany or Italy

  23. Philosophies – political thinkers Thomas Hobbes John Locke Montesquieu Francois Arouet - Voltaire Jean Jacques Rousseau and others

  24. What Age of Enlightenment book did Thomas Hobbes write?

  25. Leviathan (1655) A Leviathan is a huge “sea monster”

  26. What did Hobbes argue was the best form of government in Leviathan?

  27. Absolutism: to manage behavior The Leviathan, or sea monster, represents the all powerful government Hobbes believed exist to avoid chaos Hobbes absolute ruler

  28. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) • English philosopher and politologist, - wrote about methaphysical laws of nature and theory of state • best form of government is absolutism since when more people have chance for success it results in rivalry and division of powers • may result in civil war

  29. Who wrote the Two Treatises of Government? The mystery author!

  30. John Locke

  31. Locke - English philosopher who supported the theory of freedom and equality of man, knowledge is acquired in two steps - sensation (perception by senses) - reflection (internal perception), refuses physical punishment, but important is self-control

  32. A. What did Locke argue was the best form of Government? B. Why?

  33. A. democracy B.Locke believed in democracy because he argued the people were SOVEREIGN--the people have ultimate power

  34. What three rights did Locke say the Government MUST protect?

  35. Life, liberty, and property

  36. What affects did John Locke have on the United States?

  37. He influenced the Declaration of Independence. “among these rights are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

  38. Who wrote The Spirit of Laws? Who is this author?

  39. Baron de Montesquieu Montesquieu was from France

  40. Montesquieu • he was critical about absolutism, brought up theory of division of powers, • came from a rich family but his parents made a beggar his godfather to remind him always that there are also the poor who surround him • The Spirit of Laws

  41. What idea about the structure of government did Montesquieu express in Spirit?

  42. “separation of powers” --3 branches of government

  43. Why did Montesquieu advocate “separation of powers”?

  44. In order to avoid one person gaining all the power (NO ABSOLUTISM!)

  45. What affect did Montesquieu have on the United States ?

  46. Montesquieu influenced the U.S. Constitution The Constitution sets up three branches of Government, just as Montesquieu recommended.

  47. What was Voltaire famous for saying?

  48. “I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it”

  49. What does this quote defend?

  50. Freedom of speech and religion

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