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ELEKTRONIKA DASAR

ELEKTRONIKA DASAR. Bahan Kuliah Minggu I. Jurusan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik UGM 2009. Hukum Dasar. K irchhoff’s C urrent L aw (KCL): The algebraic sum of the currents entering any node is zero K irchhoff’s V oltage L aw (KVL): The algebraic sum of all voltages

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ELEKTRONIKA DASAR

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  1. ELEKTRONIKA DASAR Bahan Kuliah Minggu I Jurusan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik UGM 2009

  2. Hukum Dasar • Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL): The algebraic sum of the currents entering any node is zero Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL): The algebraic sum of all voltages taken around a closedloop in a circuit is zero Node analysis Loop analysis

  3. i1 i2 i3 i4 NODE i1 i1 - i2 - i3 + i4 = 0 i2 = - i1 HUKUM DASAR PERHITUNGAN LISTRIK 1) Hukum Kirchhoff tentang Arus

  4. vL vR d b c - + + - iR iL + + abcdega: + v1 v2 iC vC - - abcga: - edcge: g a e common HUKUM DASAR PERHITUNGAN LISTRIK 2) Hukum Kirchhoff tentang Tegangan

  5. HUKUM OHM Sumber Arus Sumber Tegangan Hukum OHM : Hambatan

  6. RANGKAIAN HAMBATAN • Tersambung seri • Dialiri arus yang sama besar • Tersambung parallel • Mempunyai tegangan yang sama antara ujung-ujungnya

  7. KODE WARNA R HITAM COKLAT MERAH ORANYE KUNING HIJAU BIRU UNGU KELABU PUTIH hicokmeokuhibiukepu

  8. 4 GELANG TOLERANSI Prosentase perubahan nilai resistor Emas : 5 %, artinya nilai yang tertera ± 5% Contoh : nilai resistor : 4700 Ohm Maka nilai yang mungkin terjadi antara 4465 Ohm sd 4935 Ohm

  9. 5 GELANG BIASANYA UNTUK TOLERANSI : 1% BERAPA NILAI RESISTOR INI ? Warna gelang I : Warna Gelang II: Warna Gelang III : Warna Gelang IV : Nilai resistor :

  10. KAPASITOR • Kapasitor merupakan komponen yang dapat menyimpan muatan listrik. • Pada dasarnya sebuah kapasitor terdiri atas 2 buah plat (konduktor) yang satu sama lain dipisahkan dengan menggunakan bahan penyekat (isolator). • Satuan kapasitor adalah Farad, akan tetapi 1 Farad merupakan dimensi yang sangat besar dalam prakteknya. • Biasanya dalam praktek digunakan satuan mikrofarad atau nanofarad atau pikofarad. • Jenis kapasitor yang ada dalak praktek adalah : kapasitor elektrolit, polyester, polypropylene, ceramic, kertas maupun mika

  11. KAPASITOR ELEKTROLIT Dulu : sebagian besar kapasitor dibuat dari kertas dan minyak yang ditempatkan diantara dua konduktor. Dimensi kapasitor dengan nilai kapasitansi mikrofarad bisa sangat besar. Nilai kebocoran kapasitor sangat besar. Sekarang ini : ukuran sudah dapat diperkecil, dengan nilai kapasitansi yang besar, tetapi masih tetap kebocorannya tinggi dan kemungkinan mengering besar.

  12. ELKO

  13. TANTALUM

  14. SIMBOL DAN KEMASAN TRANSISTOR

  15. SIMBOL dan KEMASAN

  16. DAYA dan BENTUK RESISTOR

  17. HAMBATAN VARIABEL

  18. LED

  19. DIODA dan DIODA ZENER

  20. REGULATOR TEGANGAN(Penghasil Tegangan Konstan)

  21. REGULATOR TEGANGAN(Penghasil Tegangan Konstan) A B C komponen D

  22. KOMPONEN LISTRIK LAINNYA

  23. LED : Light Emitting Diode(Dioda yang Memancarkan Cahaya)

  24. UNTAI TERINTEGRASI

  25. TABUNG HAMPA - 1941 - 1956 • First Generation Electronic Computers used Vacuum Tubes • Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside. • Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry.

  26. TABUNG HAMPA – 1941 TRANSISTOR -1948

  27. First Transistor • Uses Silicon • developed in 1948 • won a Nobel prize • on-off switch • Second Generation Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956

  28. First Transistor

  29. The First Microprocessor – 1971 Intel 4004 Microprocessor • The 4004 had 2,250 transistors • four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s) • 108Khz • Called “Microchip”

  30. Operational Amplifier ( Op-Amp) MIKROPROSESOR 1971

  31. Electronic Components Microphone Batteries Coil Resistor + Power Supply 120V AC In DC volts Out Transformer Speaker Potentiometer Variable Resistor Isolated Capacitors Step Down + Stereo Volume Control Stereo Headset Step Up 1m 1m

  32. Electronic Components Diode Transistor Electronic Switch Switch Normally Open n.o. Normally Closed n.c. n.c. n.o. LED Light Emitting Diode NPN Slide Switch Meters Current Meter Voltage Meter Resistance Meter 1m 2m

  33. EKIVALENSI ALIRAN AIR dan LISTRIK Water Flow Current Flow Bucket Stores Water Bucket Battery Stores Energy 1 Gallon Switch Current Flow = 1 amp Voltage 1.5 Volts Resistor restricts current flow light dimmer Flow Meter Gallons/hour Voltage measured in volts (Symbol = V) Current measured in Amps (Symbol = I) Resistance measured in Ohms (Symbol = Ω ) Formula Resistance = Voltage Current Valve restricts water flow Voltage = Resistance X Current Current = Voltage Resistance 5m 7m

  34. EKIVALENSI Aliran Air dan Elektron Aliran Air Airan Elektron Tangki Menyimpan Air Pengukur arus Amper Battery Menyimpan energi Saklar Pengukur debit Liter/Jam Resistor Menghambat Aliran listrik Kran menghambat aliran air

  35. Electronic Components Resistors Pipe Resistor 1” Pipe Resistor restricts flow of current. Resistors are made of carbon or wire. Smaller pipe restricts flow of fluids 1/2” Pipe Valve Variable Resistor is a Potentiometer Valve restricts flow of fluids This could be used to control volume in a radio Resistance measured in Ohms (Symbol = Ω) 1 ohm 10 ohm 100 ohm 1,000 ohm = 1K ohm 10,000 ohm = 10 K ohm 100,000 ohm = 100 K ohm 1,000,000 ohm = 1 M ohm 2 inch pipe 1 inch pipe 3/4 inch pipe 1/2 inch pipe 1/4 inch pipe The smaller the pipe the more restriction of flow The larger the resistor value the more restriction to current flow 1m 8m

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