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Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design: Benefits and Evolution of OOP

This document explores the fundamentals of Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD), detailing the transition from traditional structured approaches to object-oriented methodologies. It discusses the definition of the Object-Oriented paradigm, its core concepts including classes, objects, encapsulation, and the interactions between objects. The evolution of object-oriented programming languages over the decades and their contributions to system development productivity and flexibility are highlighted. The document also emphasizes the benefits of OOP, such as improved maintainability and code reuse, in addressing prevalent challenges in systems development.

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Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design: Benefits and Evolution of OOP

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  1. CS 3050 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design

  2. Objectives • What is “Object-Oriented?” • Object-Oriented Approach Vs. Structured Approach • How Has the Object-Oriented Approach Evolved? • What are the Benefits of the Object-Oriented Approach?

  3. What is “Object-Oriented?” • A computer system is viewed as a collection of objects. • These objects have certain features, or attributes. • They can also exhibit certain behaviors • Similar things can be grouped and classified

  4. What is “Object-Oriented?” • Things or objects also interact such as People or other objects can interact with one another • In building an information system, identify the objects that are needed • We need only to know what the objects do and use them. • Called this the building block approach

  5. Object-Oriented Paradigm • Capitalize on Object Oriented Programming (OOP) • Models Real World • Development Time Reduced • Code Reuse Easier • Class is a Representation of a System • Data • Behavior • Encapsulation provides Modularity

  6. Other Design Methodologies • Functional Decomposition • Data Decomposition • Relational DB • Artificial Intelligence/Expert Systems

  7. Procedural vs. OOP • Algorithmic • Main Building Block: Procedure • Functional Decomposition • Difficult to Maintain • Object-Oriented • Main Building Block: Class • Object is an instance of a Class • Objects has identity, state, and behavior

  8. Procedural vs. OOP

  9. Object-Oriented Approach Vs. Structured Approach • Structured Traditional approach: (See Fig 1.2) • Computer systems is viewed as a collection of computer programs • Procedural approach is usually complex. • Three logic structures characterize structured programming : - sequence of set of instructions - choice on set of instructions - repetition of a set of instructions.

  10. Object-Oriented Approach Vs. Structured Approach • Structured methods and rules for more complex problems • Structured systems analysis - hierarchy of procedures using - process model : Data Flow Diagrams - Data model: ER Diagrams • Structured systems design – organizing smaller programs (Modular) & using a structure chart as a guideline for modular programming -hierarchy of smaller programs

  11. Data Flow Diagrams

  12. Entity-Relationship Modeling

  13. Object-Oriented Approach Vs. Structured Approach • Object Oriented Approach: • New methods, rules and concepts are defined ( See Fig 1.1) • Object-Oriented Analysis : - Defines all of the types of objects that are part of the user’s work environment • Object-Oriented Design: -Defines additional types of objects, the user interface and operating environment and ways in which they interact

  14. Object-Oriented Approach Vs. Structured Approach • Object Oriented Programming: -programs written that define all objects to include their attributes and behaviors • Structured & Object Oriented approaches are different in many ways BUT are also similar - the concept of identifying business events & defining users’ requirements - data modeling concepts & techniques - GUI & Internet Websites

  15. How has the Object-Oriented Approach Evolved? • SIMULA was first OO programming language in mid-sixties • Smalltalk developed by Xerox in the seventies was instrumental in popularizing GUI interface • C++ & Pascal with OO features arose in the eighties • Object Oriented COBOL in the nineties • More recently - pure object Oriented Java, J++ and VB • Current OO methods use UML (Unified Modeling Language) to define constructs and models.

  16. What are the Benefits of OO • OO approach addresses THREE pervasive problems with traditional systems development • Quality • Productivity • Flexibility • Small, small-contained manageable objects reduces the complexity of the system development • Reuse can greatly increase productivity • Adding and changing objects can be done without interfering with the rest of the system

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