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Overview of the Six Kingdoms

Overview of the Six Kingdoms. Vocabulary. Which term means one-celled? Many-celled? multicellular unicellular Which term means that the organism produces its own food? Consumes food? autotroph heterotroph. Vocabulary.

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Overview of the Six Kingdoms

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  1. Overview of the Six Kingdoms

  2. Vocabulary Which term means one-celled? Many-celled? • multicellular • unicellular Which term means that the organism produces its own food? Consumes food? • autotroph • heterotroph

  3. Vocabulary • Prokaryotic – describes an organism with cells that have a cell membrane but do NOT have a nuclear membrane • Eukaryotic – describes an organism with cells that have a cell membrane and a nuclear membrane

  4. Vocabulary • Autotrophic – makes its own food • Heterotrophic – gets nutrients from the food it consumes

  5. List of the Three Domains and the Six Kingdoms 1.Domain Bacteria • Kingdom Eubacteria 2. Domain Archaea • Kingdom Archaebacteria 3. Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Protista • Kingdom Fungi • Kingdom Plantae • Kingdom Animalia

  6. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria can live in many places on earth, inhabiting a wide variety of habitats, including other organisms • Unicellular • Prokaryotic – no nucleus or organelles • Autotrophic or heterotrophic • Thick cells walls with peptidoglycan

  7. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacterial have different shapes, such as round, spiral and rod-shaped.

  8. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria can cause a wide variety of diseases, such as strep throat, food poisoning and the Black Death (bubonic plague of the Middle Ages)

  9. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria also play an important role in decomposition, nitrogen fixation and human digestion (E. coli) Soybean root containing billions of bacteria

  10. Kingdom Eubacteria • Procholorococcus – an autotrophic bacterium – What does that mean about how it gets its nutrients?

  11. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria from an Nitrifying Trickle Filter (NTF) stained with acridene orange.  The stain makes DNA appear yellow and RNA appear orange.

  12. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Bacteria that live in extreme habitats, such as hot springs, geysers, volcanic hot pools, brine pools, black smokers • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Autotrophic or heterotrophic • Cell walls without peptidoglycan

  13. Kingdom Archaebacteria Morning Glory Pool in Yellowstone National Park – note the bright colors from the archaebacteria growing in the extremely hot water.

  14. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Some like it hot! Bacillus infernus

  15. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Archaebacteria can live deep in the ocean near geothermal vents called black smokers • There is no light, so they carry out chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis

  16. Kingdom Protista • Extremely diverse group - aquatic • Eukaryotic • Most unicellular, some colonial, some multicellular • Autotrophic and heterotrophic • Some with cell walls containing cellulose; some carry out photosynthesis with chloroplasts

  17. Kingdom Protista Euglena - autotrophic Volvox – green algae, colonial protist A slime mold Amoeba - heterotrophic

  18. Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryotic • Most are multicellular • Heterotrophic (decomposers) • Cell walls made of chitin • Do NOT move. Live on or in their food. • Nutrients absorbed after extracellular digestion • All reproduce by forming spores

  19. Kingdom Fungi Bleu cheese mold Ringworm Shelf or bracket fungi Athlete’s foot YEAST Mushrooms Mildew Bread mold

  20. Kingdom Plantae • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Autotrophic • Cell wall of cellulose; chloroplasts present

  21. Kingdom Plantae ALL PLANTS – mosses, ferns, grasses, trees, shrubs

  22. Kingdom Animalia • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Heterotrophic • No cell walls, no chloroplasts • Motile – move to get their food

  23. Worms, sponges, sea urchins, Invertebrates, vertebrates Kingdom Animalia Flatworm Sponge Jellyfish Octopus Coral snake Bear

  24. Explain how to use a taxonomic key and tell what it is used for

  25. TAXONOMIC KEYSDICHOTOMOUS KEYS • USED TO IDENTIFY ORGANISMS • STARTING AT THE TOP CHOOSE THE BEST CHARACTERISTIC OF EACH PAIR, READING THE NEXT STEP UNTIL YOU FIND THE NAME

  26. KINGDOMCHARACTERISTICSEXAMPLES ARCHAEBACTERA CELL WALL, HARSH ENVIRONMENT BACTERIA EUBACTERIA CELL WALL OF PEPTIGOGLYCAN BACTERIA FUNGI CELL WALL OF CHITIN MOLD, MUSHROOMS, YEAST PROTISTA SIMPLE, AQUATIC, CELL WALLS,EUKARYOTIC ALGAE, PROTOZOANS PLANTAE CELL WALL OF CELLULOSE, PHOTOSYNTHETIC MOSS, FERNS, PLANTS ANIMALIA NO CELL WALL, MOVE, HETEROTROPHIC SPONGES, INVERTS, VERTS

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