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Key Concepts of Ancient Egyptian Art: Middle Kingdom Insights

The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt emerged after a period of instability and marked a shift in power dynamics. Local governments gained strength, while the pharaohs' authority diminished, focusing mainly on defense as armies were established to protect borders, notably against Nubian threats. Artistic representations included rock-cut tombs, detailed carvings, and model houses that reflected luxurious lifestyles. Notably, works from this period reveal more emotional depth in portrayals of rulers, contrasting with the heroic imagery of the Old Kingdom. The art captured contemporary life, beliefs, and social status.

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Key Concepts of Ancient Egyptian Art: Middle Kingdom Insights

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  1. Ancient Egyptian Art Part 2

  2. Key Ideas • Middle Kingdom began after a period of instability (intermediate period) • More powerful local governments • Pharaohs’ power diminished; left responsible mostly for raising standing armies to defend borders (especially the Nubian border to the south)

  3. Rock-cut Tombs, BeniHasan, c. 1985-1795 BCEOn left is entry to tomb of Amenemhet (provincial governor); cut directly into cliff; detailed carving inside

  4. Model of House and Garden, from tomb of Mekatra, Thebes, 2125-2055 BCE, painted and plastered wood and copper, 33” • Shows what inside of house may have looked like • Portico with columns at water feature • Water was a luxury, so a pool was a sign of wealth – stocked with fish and plants

  5. Plan of the Northern Section of Kahun, 1880-1874 BCE, modern el-Lahun

  6. Head of Sunusret III, c. 1860 BCE, stone More expression than in old kingdom Reflection of period of civil unrest Battle-hardened from four major battles with the Nubians Careful attention to detail – folds of flesh, furrowed brow, introspective Looks depressed - not heroic as in old kingdom depictions of rulers

  7. Funerary Stele, 2055-1985, painted limestoneMuch more relaxed than old kingdom scenes; family with feast food; luxurious linen fabric

  8. Hippopotamus, 1985-1795 BCE, faience, from tomb of SenbiSmall item (under 8”) left in tomb so the deceased could hunt in the afterlife; lotus blossoms on sides; natural representation of the hippo

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