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Mastering Stoichiometric Calculations: Essential Steps and Examples

This guide covers stoichiometric calculations, focusing on determining the amounts of reactants and products in chemical reactions using balanced equations. It explains the core steps involved in these calculations, including identifying known and unknown quantities, lining up conversion factors, and applying mole ratios. Through examples like how many eggs are needed for cookies and calculations involving KClO3 decomposition, readers will develop a strong understanding of stoichiometry. Perfect for students and chemistry enthusiasts looking to enhance their skills.

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Mastering Stoichiometric Calculations: Essential Steps and Examples

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  1. Stoichiometry I. Stoichiometric Calculations By C. Johannessen, Texas

  2. Ratio of eggs to cookies A. Proportional Relationships • How many eggs are needed to make 12 dozen cookies? 2 1/4 c. flour 1 tsp. baking soda 1 tsp. salt 1 c. butter 3/4 c. sugar 3/4 c. brown sugar 1 tsp vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 c. chocolate chips Makes 5 dozen cookies. 12 doz. 2 eggs 5 doz. = 5 eggs

  3. A. Proportional Relationships • Stoichiometry • calculating amounts of reactants & products using mole ratios • Mole Ratio • indicated by coefficients in a balanced equation 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO

  4. B. Stoichiometry Steps 1. Write a balanced equation. 2. Identify known & unknown. 3. Line up conversion factors. • Mole ratio - moles  moles • Molar mass - moles  grams • Molarity - moles  liters • Mole ratio - moles  moles Core step in all stoichiometry problems!! 4. Check answer.

  5. C. Stoichiometry Problems • How many moles of KClO3 must decompose in order to produce 9 moles of oxygen gas? 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 ? mol 9 mol 9 mol O2 2 mol KClO3 3 mol O2 = 6 mol KClO3

  6. C. Stoichiometry Problems • How many grams of KCl will be formed from 2.5 mol KClO3? 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 2.5 mol ? g 2.5 mol KClO3 2 mol KCl 2 mol KClO3 74.55 g KCl 1 mol KCl = 190 g KCl

  7. C. Stoichiometry Problems • How many grams of silver will be formed from 12.0 g copper? Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2 12.0 g ? g 12.0 g Cu 1 mol Cu 63.55 g Cu 2 mol Ag 1 mol Cu 107.87 g Ag 1 mol Ag = 40.7 g Ag

  8. C. Stoichiometry Problems • How many grams of Cu are required to react with 1.5 L of 0.10M AgNO3? Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2 1.5L 0.10M ? g 1.5 L .10 mol AgNO3 1 L 1 mol Cu 2 mol AgNO3 63.55 g Cu 1 mol Cu = 4.8 g Cu

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