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Semantic Interoperability & Semantic Models: Introduction

Dr. Leo Obrst MITRE Information Semantics Center for Innovative Computing & Informatics October 22, 2019. Semantic Interoperability & Semantic Models: Introduction. Tightness of Coupling & Semantic Explicitness. Explicit, Loose. Far. Performance = k / Integration_Flexibility.

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Semantic Interoperability & Semantic Models: Introduction

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  1. Dr. Leo Obrst MITRE Information Semantics Center for Innovative Computing & Informatics October 22, 2019 Semantic Interoperability & Semantic Models: Introduction

  2. Tightness of Coupling & Semantic Explicitness Explicit, Loose Far Performance = k / Integration_Flexibility Modal Policies Internet Semantic Mappings Semantic Brokers OWL-S Agent Programming RDF/S, OWL Peer-to-peer Semantics Explicitness Web Services: UDDI, WSDL Web Services: SOAP Community Applets XML, XML Schema Data Application N-Tier Architecture EAI Workflow Ontologies Same Intranet Conceptual Models Enterprise Middleware Web Data Marts Same Wide Area Network Client-Server Data Warehouses Same Local Area Network Federated DBs Distributed Systems OOP Systems of Systems Same DBMS Same OS Same Address Space Same CPU Linking From Synchronous Interaction to Asynchronous Communication Same Programming Language Compiling Same Process Space 1 System: Small Set of Developers Local Looseness of Coupling Implicit, TIGHT

  3. Complexity    Semantic Integration Implies Semantic Composition Complex Semantic Model, Knowledge, System Integration & Composition Unification of complex networks of graph Structures, with complex reasoning, complex Semantic Web ontologies: Simple Semantic Model, Knowledge Integration & Composition Unification of tree or graph structures, with reasoning, simple Semantic Web ontologies: 2010 Simple Syntactic Object Integration & Composition Alignment of embedded interface definition language statements mapping two CORBA, Javabean objects 2005 1998 Time Simple Procedure Integration & Composition Concatenation, alignment of calling Procedure with called procedure: Caller: Do_this (integer: 5, string: “sales”) Called: Do_this (integer: X, string: Y) 1960  - signifies the composition operation

  4. Dimensions of Interoperability & Integration Our interest lies here Community Enterprise 6 Levels of Interoperability System Semantic Application Syntactic Component Structural Object Data 3 Kinds of Integration 0% 100% Interoperability Scale

  5. Ontology Spectrum strong semantics Modal Logic First Order Logic Logical Theory Is Disjoint Subclass of with transitivity property Description Logic From less to more expressive DAML+OIL, OWL UML Conceptual Model Is Subclass of Semantic Interoperability RDF/S XTM Extended ER Thesaurus Has Narrower Meaning Than ER Structural Interoperability DB Schemas, XML Schema Taxonomy Is Sub-Classification of Relational Model, XML Syntactic Interoperability weak semantics

  6. Problem: General Semantic Expressivity: Medium Problem: Local Semantic Expressivity: Low Problem: Very General Semantic Expressivity: Very High Problem: General Semantic Expressivity: High Ontology Spectrum strong semantics Modal Logic First Order Logic Logical Theory Is Disjoint Subclass of with transitivity property Description Logic From less to more expressive DAML+OIL, OWL UML Conceptual Model Is Subclass of Semantic Interoperability RDF/S XTM Extended ER Thesaurus Has Narrower Meaning Than ER Structural Interoperability DB Schemas, XML Schema Taxonomy Is Sub-Classification of Relational Model, XML Syntactic Interoperability weak semantics

  7. Backup

  8. Ontology Spectrum strong semantics Logic Spectrum will cover this area Modal Logic First Order Logic Logical Theory Is Disjoint Subclass of with transitivity property Description Logic From less to more expressive DAML+OIL, OWL UML Conceptual Model Is Subclass of Semantic Interoperability RDF/S XTM Extended ER Thesaurus Has Narrower Meaning Than ER Structural Interoperability DB Schemas, XML Schema Taxonomy Is Sub-Classification of Relational Model, XML Syntactic Interoperability weak semantics

  9. Logic Spectrum: Classical Logics: PL to HOL most expressive SOL + Complex Types + Higher-order Predicates (i.e., those that take one or more other predicates as arguments) Higher Order Logic (HOL) From less to more expressive Logics Second Order Logic (SOL) FOL + Quantifiers (, ) over Predicates Modal Predicate Logic (Quantified Modal Logic) FOL + Modal operators First-Order Logic (FOL): Predicate Logic, Predicate Calculus PL + Predicates + Functions + Individuals + Quantifiers (, ) over Individuals Logic Programming (Horn Clauses) Syntactic Restriction of FOL Decidable fragments of FOL: unary predicates (concepts) & binary relations (roles) [max 3 vars] Description Logics ModalPropositional Logic PL + Modal operators (, ): necessity/possibility, obligatory/permitted, future/past, etc. Axiomatic systems: K, D, T, B, S4, S5 Propositional Logic (PL) Substructural Logics: focus on structural rules Propositions (True/False) + Logical Connectives (, , , , ) less expressive

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