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at crossings without traffic controls

. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior. Gene Bourquin, Rob Wall, Dona Sauerburger. at crossings without traffic controls. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior. What conditions cause drivers to yield: vests, flags, and cane, oh my?.

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at crossings without traffic controls

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  1. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior Gene Bourquin, Rob Wall, Dona Sauerburger at crossings without traffic controls

  2. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior What conditions cause drivers to yield: vests, flags, and cane, oh my?

  3. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior Why drivers yield?

  4. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior Social theories and empirical research indicate that dependency cues influence drivers Harrell (1993)

  5. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior (Bake & Reitz, 1978) Drivers yielded more readily to individuals perceived to be dependent: mothers with a carriage, people thought to have a physical disability, or people who are blind.

  6. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior What drivers see

  7. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior (Hughes, Vachon, & Jones, 2005) Attentional capture: a stimulus that alters attention away from the prevailing focus…which draw a attention without that person’s volition.

  8. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior What’s in your attention set? (Mack, Pappas, Silverman, & Gay, 2002)

  9. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior (Ramachandran & Rogers-Ramachandran, 2005) Inattentional Blindness: the phenomenon when items not expected, not of interest, or not meaningful are not perceived by the visual system.

  10. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior Conditions are likely to be noticed and understood when attentional capture is high and inattentional blindness in minimized.

  11. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior What we knew about drivers’ yielding

  12. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior driver yielding for pedestrians approaching crosswalk at a roundabout: no white cane: 52% drivers with white cane: 63% drivers (Geruschat and Hassan, 2005)

  13. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior driver yielding for pedestrians standing at roundabout crosswalks with a visible long white cane or dog (Ashmead, Guth, Wall, Long, & Ponchillia, 2005)

  14. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior Entry lanes (slower): No cane / dog: 20% With cane / dog: 36.4% Exit lanes (faster): No cane / dog: 0% With cane / dog: 9% (Ashmead, Guth, Wall, Long, & Ponchillia, 2005)

  15. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior driver yielding for pedestrians standing at crosswalk with a visible long white cane or dog (Guth, Ashmead, Long, Wall, & Ponchillia, 2005)

  16. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior mid-block campus crossing: no cane/dog: 80% trials with cane/dog: 96% trial (Guth, Ashmead, Long, Wall, & Ponchillia, 2005)

  17. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior Uncontrolled crossing at downtown intersection (stop sign on intersecting street): no cane/dog: 5% trials with cane/dog: 7% trials (Guth, Ashmead, Long, Wall, & Ponchillia, 2005)

  18. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior What we did What we found

  19. C2 P C1 . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior X

  20. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior 375 trials

  21. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior Control yielding rate: 0.41 Flag 0.62 Vest 0.49 Cane 0.87 Cane waive 0.89 Cane waive vest 0.91

  22. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior

  23. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior

  24. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior The main differences seen in yielding were across the crossing conditions

  25. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior Secondarily, vehicle approach speed most critically impacted yielding

  26. . . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior This study, along with previous studies, indicate a general principle that using a cane will improve safety. A long cane is a well-known symbol that reduces inattention blindness through its visibility and meaningfulness.

  27. References Mack, A., Pappas, Z., Silverman, M., & Gay, R. (2002). What we see: Inattention and the capture of attention by meaning. Consciousness and Cognition 11 (2002) 488–506, 2002(11). Ashmead, D. H., Guth, D., Wall, R. S., Long, R. G., & Ponchillia, P. E. (2005). Street Crossing by Sighted and Blind Pedestrians at a Modern Roundabout. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 131(11), 812-821. Baker, L. D., & Reitz, H. J. (1978). Altruism toward the blind: effects of sex of helper and dependency of victim. Journal of Social Psychology, 104(1), 19. Guth, D., Ashmead, D., Long, R., Wall, R., & Ponchillia., P. (2005). Blind and Sighted Pedestrians' Judgments of Gaps in Traffic at Roundabouts. Human Factors, 47(2), 134(118). Harrell, W. A. (1993). The Impact of Pedestrian Visibility and Assertiveness on Motorist Yielding. [Article]. Journal of Social Psychology, 133(3), 353-360. Hughes, R. W., Vachon, F., & Jones, D. M. (2005). Auditory Attentional Capture During Serial Recall: Violations at Encoding of an Algorithm-Based Neural Model? Journal of Experimental Psychology / Learning, Memory & Cognition, 31(4), 736-749. Ramachandran, V. S., & Rogers-Ramachandran, D. (2005). How Blind Are We? Scientific American Mind, 16(2), 96-95.

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