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Unit Two

Unit Two . Treaty of Paris through the Constitution 1763 - 1789. The Colonists History of Self-rule. Colonial Legislatures Albany Plan of Union (1754) Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Delaware

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Unit Two

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  1. Unit Two Treaty of Paris through the Constitution 1763 - 1789

  2. The Colonists History of Self-rule • Colonial Legislatures • Albany Plan of Union (1754) • Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Delaware • The idea of one government over the colonies

  3. Treaty of Paris (1763) • Gains for Britain • Some West Indian islands • Most of India • Canada • All territory east of the Mississippi (doubled) • Losses for Britain • Money • Need to get more from the colonists (???) • Resentful towards the colonists

  4. French Losses • New Orleans, territory west of the Mississippi to Spain • French Gains • They got to keep Guadeloupe and Martinique

  5. Indian Loses • All Indians sided with the French, except the Iroquois • Lost respect of the English • Iroquois Confederacy crumbled • Never again an equal

  6. Post 1763 • It is time to re-establish control over the colonies • Not just commerce to be exploited, lets inhabit the land and reap in the tax revenues and take advantage of the colonies • Colonists had suffered together, the beginnings of unity?, brotherhood?

  7. Post 1763 • Pontiac’s Rebellion • Proclamation Line of 1763 • More needed to guard the western frontier • What is the economic reason for the Proclamation Line? • George Greenville is now the Prime Minister

  8. Imperial Reorganization of 1763Lets bring back Mercantilism? • Sugar Act of 1764 • Currency Act of 1764 • Mutiny Act of 1765 • Stamp Act of 1765 • Quartering Act of 1765 • Declaratory Act 1766 • Townshend Acts of 1767 • Tea Act of 1773

  9. Internal and External Taxes • External taxes are duties placed on imports and exports to raise revenue • Internal taxes are not related to imports and exports (virtual representation)

  10. Sugar Act of 1764 • Placed heavy duties on • Sugar • Textiles • Coffee • Indigo • Wine • Strictly enforced

  11. Currency Act of 1764 • The colonies had to stop issuing their own money

  12. Quartering Act • Quartering of troops and providing of supplies was now mandatory

  13. Stamp Act of 1765 • Tax on • Newspapers • Almanacs • Pamphlets • Deeds wills • Licenses

  14. Sometimes you can’t always predict the outcomes of decisions.

  15. What was an intended outcome of the Stamp Act The English did increase their tax revenue, with the first direct tax on the colonists

  16. What was the unintended outcome of the Stamp Act The whole group of colonists agreed on something

  17. What ended the Stamp Act • London merchants • Stamp Act Congress (1765) • Conflicts about virtual representation • Can’t let the camel get his nose under the tent • Rebellion • Sons of Liberty

  18. Repealing the Stamp Act • Intended effect • Appeased the colonists • Unintended effect • Made the residents of England mad

  19. Declaratory Act (1766) • Repealed the Stamp Act • But • Reasserted their right to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”

  20. Townshend Acts • Disbanded the New York Assembly until they applied the Mutiny act • Placing of customs officials in Boston • New customs boards commissioners • New taxes on • Lead • Tea • Paint • Paper

  21. The Parliament tried to just make an example of individual colonies If you do it to him, how long before you do it to me?

  22. Unintended effect • A boycott of British goods by many of the colonies – non importation agreements

  23. Lord North Prime Minister after Townshend • Repealed the Townshend Acts, except for the tax on tea

  24. Boston Massacre March 5th, 1770 • Increased presence of redcoats because of the harassment of government officials • Soldiers were taking part time jobs from the locals • Always friction, always a reminder of oppression when you saw the redcoats • Five people were killed

  25. Tea Act of 1773 • Granted a monopoly to the East India Company • They would not have to pay the tax that the colonial businessmen would • Excluded many businesses from the tea business • Only the select few would be allowed to trade $$$$$$ (monopoly)

  26. Unintended effect of the Tea Act of 1773 • Revived the no taxation without representation feelings • Virtual representation is not fair • Boycotting of tea, mass protest

  27. Boston Tea PartyDecember 16th, 1773 • 150 “Indians” dumped the tea • Refused to pay for the Damage

  28. Coercive Acts (only against Boston) • Closed Boston Harbor • Limited the powers of the colonial legislatures • Permitted royal officers to be tried in other colonies or in England – Vice-Admiralty Courts • Quartering of troops

  29. Quebec Acts • Designed to help the Catholics • It is all a matter of timing • Subjugate the colonies to the pope and the catholic church • Possibly hinder western expansion

  30. Intolerable Acts Coercive Acts and Quebec Act

  31. Colonists Rebellion • Boycotting • Virginia Resolves • Non-importation agreements • Harassing of officials • Paxton Boys (1763) • Regulator Movement (1765) • Sons of Liberty (1765) • Daughters of Liberty(1765) • Gaspee Affair (1772) – Way to go R.I. • Committees of Correspondence (1773) • Boston Tea Party (1773)

  32. Colonial Attempts at Unity • Albany Plan of Union (1754) • Committees of Correspondence (1773) • 1st Continental Congress (1774) • 2nd Continental Congress (1775)

  33. 1st Continental Congress • Attempt at union • List of grievances • Suffolk Resolves • Make military preparations for operations against the British • Boycotting all trade with England • Agreed to meet the next Spring

  34. William Dawes, Paul Revere, and Samuel Prescott April 19th,1775 Supplies at Concord 1,000 British soldiers

  35. The Revolution

  36. 2nd Continental Congress • Olive Branch Petition • The congress that carried the states through the war

  37. The changing mindset • Costs of war • Human • Financial • British recruitment of Indians, Slaves, Mercenaries • British government’s rejection of the Olive Branch Petition (what other choice do we have) • Common Sense – Dec 1776

  38. Declaration of Independence • July 4th,1776 • Declaration of Sovereignty • Started receiving support from other nations • History of Wars

  39. 3.5 million people No navy No real army No manufacturing No money Government? Fighting on their home turf 12 million people Best navy Best army Lots of manufacturing Money to hire mercenaries Money system Government Fighting in a foreign land Who would you chooseColonies England

  40. Three phasesPhase I • New England • Bunker Hill June 17th, 1775 (lost) • Fort Ticonderoga • March 17th, 1776 – Evacuation Day • Uprising in North Carolina (won) (1776) • Invasion of Canada by Benedict Arnold (lost) • Ben Franklin’s attempt to get Canada on our side

  41. Phase II1776 - 1778 • British Land in New York • Had a plan, but didn’t stick with it • Divided their forces • Bourgoyne north • Howe to the south

  42. Northern Battles • Fort Ticonderoga July 5th, 1777 • Oriskany Aug 6th, 1777 • Bennington Aug 16th, 1777 • Saratoga Oct 17th, 1777

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