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“References: Priority Became the Prize” Roberto Romero, MD, D.Med.Sci .

Learn why citing references is crucial in academic writing. Understand different reference styles, tools, and how to organize references effectively. Follow expert recommendations and avoid common errors when citing sources. References are essential for giving credit and maintaining scholarly integrity.

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“References: Priority Became the Prize” Roberto Romero, MD, D.Med.Sci .

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  1. “References: Priority Became the Prize” Roberto Romero, MD, D.Med.Sci. Editor-in-Chief for Obstetrics American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH University of Michigan Michigan State University Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  2. “Priority Became the Prize”…in Science Boorstin DJ. 1983

  3. wikipedia.org Boorstin DJ. 1983

  4. Why Use References - Why Cite? • To acknowledge the source(s) of information used to write the article • To demonstrate that authors have knowledge of the subject matter and context • To give credit to the work of others Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  5. How to Cite:Determine the Reference Style Required by the Journal • Journals have different requirements • Check the “Instructions for Authors” section of each journal Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  6. Two Main Styles of References • Harvard Style – author’s name and year in the text of the manuscript • Vancouver System – uses consecutive numbers Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  7. Harvard Style of References Cadwell K. 2015; 42:805

  8. Vancouver System Style of References Murth AM, Menon R. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:447

  9. Reference Styles • Reference style is Journal specific • Cell uses Harvard style • International Committee of Medical Journal Editors recommends Vancouver style • AJOG uses the Vancouver style (i.e. consecutive numbering) Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  10. Most Frequently Used Reference Systems • EndNote • Reference Manager • Mendeley • Qiqqa • Sente 6 for Mac Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  11. How to Organize References: Use a Software System! www.flickr.com www.tum.de

  12. In the Digital Era, each Publication Has: • A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) which is unique to each document • The DOI is permanent, while its location or URL (Uniform Resource Locator) may change • In PubMed, each document has a specific number which is the PMID Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  13. PubMed Search www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

  14. PMID Number Allows You to Enter References Without Using the Entire Citation A Practical Demonstration Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  15. endnote.com

  16. endnote.com

  17. endnote.com

  18. endnote.com

  19. endnote.com

  20. All reference information has been automatically entered by the system and the possibility of error is decreased And…….you don’t have to type endnote.com

  21. What to Cite ? • Original publication or article which reported the discovery • Original publications vs. reviews • Verify the reference against the original document (not another paper’s reference list) • Correct any inadvertent errors and ensure you are not misrepresenting the original authors’ intent Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  22. Deciding Who to Cite • Preferred: • Earliest reference (scientific priority) • Highest hierarchy of evidence • Open Access articles • Published in the target journal Recommendations by Cals JW, Kotz D. J Clin Epidemiol 2013; 66:1198

  23. Citations in the Manuscript Text and References Must Match • Every citation in the text must have a reference, and every reference must be cited • Citation/reference mismatches: a common error identified during peer review Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  24. How Many References? • Some journals have a limit (e.g. 40-50) • AJOG does not have a limit (within reason) • Our view is that it may be unscholarly to omit or deny credit Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  25. Closing Advice • Verify the references carefully before submitting an article • Despite use of reference software, errors may still occur (check, check, check) • References are an important part of manuscripts, and are critically assessed by reviewers • Reviewers are often authors Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

  26. Reading Material Cals JW, Kotz D. J Clin Epidemiol 2013; 66:1198

  27. Thank You

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