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Nuclear Chemistry Review

Nuclear Chemistry Review. By: Alissa Cirio & Kiely Finucane. Definitions. Transmutation: The changing of a nucleus of one element into that of a different element.

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Nuclear Chemistry Review

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  1. Nuclear Chemistry Review By: AlissaCirio & KielyFinucane

  2. Definitions • Transmutation: The changing of a nucleus of one element into that of a different element. • Artificial Transmutation: a transmutation caused by bombarding a nucleus with a high energy particle such as a neutron or an alpha particle • Natural Transmutation: a transmutation with one reactant: releases alpha, beta, or positron decay

  3. Definitions continued.. • Alpha particle: a Helium nucleus composed of two protons and two neutrons • Beta particle: high energy electrons whose source is an atomic nucleus • Positron: particle identical to an electron except that it has a positive charge

  4. Definitions continued… • Gamma ray: high energy ray that’s similar to an x-ray but has more energy • Fusion: a reaction involving the combining of light nuclei to produce a heavier nucleus • Fission: splitting of large nuclei into smaller nuclei and neutrons

  5. More Definitions • Radioisotope: an unstable nucleus that is radioactive • Half-Life: the length of time for half of a given sample of a radioisotope to decay

  6. Radiation Chart

  7. Equations • Nuclear equations involve nuclei (protons and neutrons) • Example: the alpha decay of radon-198 19886Rn -> 42He + 19484Po

  8. Half Life • A half life is the time required for one half of the nuclei of the radioisotope sample to decay example: iodine-131 has a half life of 8 days. How many grams of an original 160mg sample will remain after 40 days? 40/8 = 5 (half lives) 160 /2 /2 /2 /2 /2 = 5 mg

  9. Detecting Radiation • Geiger Counter: uses a gas filled metal tube to detect radiation • Scintillation Counter: uses a phosphor coated surface to detect radiation • Film Badge: consists of several layers of photographic film colored with black light-proof paper all encased in a plastic or metal holder

  10. Using Radiation • Used to detect art art forgeries in museums • Crime laboratories to analyze gun powder residue • Diagnose medical problems • Treat diseases

  11. Using Radiation continued

  12. Risks of Radiation • Biological exposure • Long term storage and disposal • Nuclear accidents

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