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1º THE MOLECULE 2º PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 3º STATES OF WATER 4º THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

WATER. 1º THE MOLECULE 2º PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 3º STATES OF WATER 4º THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT 5º SEPARATION TECHNIQUES. O. H. H. 1. MOLECULE OF WATER. A molecule of water has one atom of Oxygen and two atoms of Hydrogen. 1. MOLECULE OF WATER. The chemical formula of water is. H 2 O.

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1º THE MOLECULE 2º PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 3º STATES OF WATER 4º THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

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  1. WATER 1º THE MOLECULE 2º PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 3º STATES OF WATER 4º THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT 5º SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

  2. O H H 1. MOLECULE OF WATER A molecule of water has one atom of Oxygen and two atoms of Hydrogen.

  3. 1. MOLECULE OF WATER The chemical formula of water is H2O

  4. 3 10-23 g 1. MOLECULE OF WATER One molecule of water has got a very small mass of 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 03 g. That’s a very small number. Isn't it?

  5. 1. MOLECULE OF WATER When we drink a glass of water (240g), we are drinking 8,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules of water. That's a very big number. Isn't it?

  6. 1 cm 1 cm 1 cm 1 g g d = 1 cm3 2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The density of liquid water is 1 gram per cubic centimetre.

  7. 2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The density of liquid water is higher than the density of ice (frozen water). The ice floats above the water

  8. 2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The fusion point of water is 0 ºC (zero degrees Celsius). Ice and liquid water can be together at 0 ºC.

  9. 2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The boiling point of water is 100 ºC (one hundred degrees Celsius). Liquid water and water vapor can be together at 100 ºC.

  10. 3. STATES OF WATER Solid • Molecules are strongly united • Molecules are perfectly ordered • Molecules can’t move • All molecules form a crystal structure Why do you think a solid has got a fixed form? Why do you think it’s very difficult to compress a solid?

  11. 3. STATES OF WATER Liquid • Molecules are strongly united • Molecules are disordered • Molecules form small groups • These groups can move among themselves Why do you think a liquid hasn’t got a definite form? Why do you think it’s very difficult to compress a liquid?

  12. 3. STATES OF WATER Gaseous • Molecules aren’t united • There isn’t any force between them • Molecules are totally disordered • Molecules can move freely in all directions Why do you think a gas hasn’t got a definite form? Why do you think it’s very easy to compress a gas?

  13. 3. STATES OF WATER Changes of states Sublimation Fusion Vaporisation Solidification Condensation SOLID LIQUID GASEOSOUS Sublimation 0 ºC 100 ºC TEMPERATURE

  14. 4. THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT Water is the universal solvent. In nature we can find water in the seas, rivers, subterranean… and water always contains many other substances. Living beings, drinks, foods, and chemical products are formed by water.

  15. 4. THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT Solute + Solvent = Solution + = Salt Water Salted water A solution is a homogeneous mixture. The most abundant part is called the solvent, and the less abundant part is called the solute.

  16. Salt after being mixed + How a salt is dissolved in water + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 4. THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT Salt before being mixed The molecules of water capture the ions of the salt. Later, all the molecules of salt are mixed among the molecules of water. The crystal structure of salt is destroyed.

  17. 5. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Filtration Filter • We use this technique to separate dissolved particles in water • We put a paper filter in a funnel • If particles have a size bigger than the porous of the paper filter, they won’t be able to pass through them • Clean water can pass and fall down into a beaker Funnel Beaker

  18. 5. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Decantation stopper Separating funnel • We use this technique to separate two immiscible liquids. • Oil, less dense, is above water • Opening the tap, water is falling down, drip-drop • When oil is going to escape we turn off the tap Oil Water tap

  19. 5. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Crystallization • The solution is heated by the sun • Water is evaporated • Finally, we can see crystallized salt in the crystallizer Evaporation Crystallizer Aqueous solution Salt

  20. 5. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Distillation • We use this technique to separate mixed liquids • We heat the mixture in a distillation flask • At 78 ºC ethyl alcohol is boiling and it escapes from the flask • Alcohol is condensed into the refrigerator tube • Finally we have distilled alcohol in an Erlenmeyer flask Thermometer Clamp Distillation flask Condenser Cooling water Condensed alcohol Steam Ethyl alcohol and water Cold water Receiving flask Bunsen burner Distilled alcohol Clamp stand

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