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Understanding Geography: Key Concepts from Final Exam 2010

This comprehensive guide summarizes key geographical concepts from the 2010 final exam, including definitions of longitude and latitude, the Moon's orbit, climatic factors, and ecosystems. It covers essential topics such as solar energy distribution, the hydrologic cycle, and the influence of mountains on climate. Additionally, it addresses cultural and population dynamics, such as polytheism, globalization, and the spread of ideas. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone wanting to reinforce their understanding of geography's critical elements.

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Understanding Geography: Key Concepts from Final Exam 2010

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  1. OBJECTIVE 2010 FINAL EXAM

  2. CHAPTER 1

  3. 1. ____ is another word for longitude. • A.Latitude • B.Equator • C.Meridian • D.Parallel • ANSWER is C. MERIDIAN

  4. 2. Lines of latitude measure the distance north and south of the ____. • A.prime meridian • B.180° latitude • C.90° latitude • D.equator • Answer is: D.equator

  5. 3. ____ is not a part of the contiguous United States. • A.Texas • B.Alaska • C.Florida • D.Maine • Answer is: B.Alaska

  6. CHAPTER 2

  7. 1. The Moon orbits Earth every ____. • A.24 hours • B.30 days • C.29 1/2 days • D. 365 ¼ days • Answer is: C.29 1/2 days

  8. 2.Which area of Earth receives the most solar energy in a year? • a. the tropics • b. the polar regions • c. the Antarctic Circle • d. the middle latitudes • Answer is: a. the tropics

  9. 3. Earth's atmosphere is composed of about 78 percent of what gas? • a. carbon dioxide • b. Oxygen • c. water vapor • d. nitrogen • Answer is: d. nitrogen

  10. 4. What causes the tides on Earth? • a. the gravitational pull of the Sun, Earth, and Moon • b. the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon • c. Earth's tilt • d. Earth's revolution • Answer is: a. the gravitational pull of the Sun, Earth, and Moon

  11. 5. How many days are in a leap year? • A. 365 ½ • B. 365 ¼ • C. 365 • D. 366 • Answer is: D. 366

  12. 6. In which direction does Earth rotate? • a. north-to-south • b. east-to-west • c. west-to-east • d. south-to-north • Answer is: c. west-to-east

  13. CHAPTER 3

  14. 1. Where are the most diverse ecosystems found? • a. in dry climates • b. in tropical climates • c. in high latitude climates • d. in middle-latitude climates • Answer is: b. in tropical climates

  15. 2. Wind systems that reverse directions thereby causing wet and dry seasons are called _____. • a. hurricanes • b. monsoons • c. typhoons • d. Cyclones • Answer is: b. monsoons

  16. 3. Most temperate climates are located _____. • a. near the equator • b. by the oceans • c. in the middle latitudes • d. in the high latitudes • Answer is: c. in the middle latitudes

  17. 4. Mountains can influence climate through _____. • a. global warming • B. the greenhouse effect • c. humidity • d. the orographic effect • Answer is: d. the orographic effect

  18. 5. The condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place is called _____. • a. temperature • b. climate • c. weather • d. the greenhouse effect • Answer is: c. weather

  19. CHAPTER 4

  20. 1. The hydrologic cycle is driven by _____. • a. headwaters, tributaries, and watersheds • b. estuaries, wetlands, and groundwater • c. solar energy, winds, and gravity • d. condensation, precipitation, and evaporation • Answer is: c. solar energy, winds, and gravity

  21. 2. Where would you be most likely to find an alluvial fan? • a. near the base of a mountain • b. at the mouth of a river • c. where a river meets an aquifer • d. around a lake • Answer is: b. at the mouth of a river

  22. 3. What are the three processes that create landforms? • a. tectonic processes, erosion , and weathering • b. tectonic processes, erosion , and sediment • c. erosion, sediment, and weathering • d. sediment, tectonic processes, and weathering • Answer is: a. tectonic processes, erosion , and weathering

  23. 4. How is glacier ice built? • a. It is built when winter snows melt and freeze. • b. It is built when it picks up ice as it moves south. • c. It is built when it picks up ice as it sags and spreads. • d. It is built when winter snows do not melt the following summer. • Answer is: d. It is built when winter snows do not melt the following summer.

  24. 5. What agent of erosion only affects locations along a coastline? • a. water • b. wind • c. waves • d. solar energy • Answer is: c. waves

  25. CHAPTER 5

  26. 1. The belief in many gods is called _____. • a. an ethnic religion • b. polytheism • c. Islam • d. Monotheism • Answer is: b. polytheism

  27. 2. The spread of an idea or innovation through a society is a _____. • a. hierarchical diffusion • b. expansion diffusion • c. language diffusion • d. relocation diffusion • Answer is: b. expansion diffusion

  28. 3. The language with the most speakers is _____. • a. English • b. Spanish • c. Mandarin Chinese • d. Hindi • Answer is: c. Mandarin Chinese

  29. 4. Which of the following is not a common cause of culture change? • a. migration • b. homogeneity • c. trade • d. war • Answer is: b. homogeneity

  30. 5. About what percentage of the world's population lives in the Northern Hemisphere? • a. 48 percent • b. 65 percent • c. 90 percent • d. 10 percent • Answer is: c. 90 percent

  31. 6. The increase in connections between cultures around the world is called _____. • a. fundamentalism • b. ethnic diversity • c. globalization • d. Acculturation • Answer is: c. globalization

  32. 7. Which of the following factors is not reflected in population density? • a. size of population • b. political climate of country • c. size of country • d. environmental conditions • Answer is: b. political climate of country

  33. 8. Which of the following is not a culture trait? • a. use of utensils • b. alphabet • c. religious beliefs • d. physical health • Answer is d. physical health

  34. 9. The spread of new fashions from the big city to small towns is an example of _____. • A. relocation diffusion • B. hierarchical diffusion • C. acculturation • D. Innovation • Answer is: B. hierarchical diffusion

  35. 10. _____ is a movement in which people believe in strictly following certain established principles and teachings. • A. Monotheism • B. Culture • C. Fundamentalism • D. Globalization • Answer is: C. Fundamentalism

  36. 11. How is population density expressed? • A. persons per square mile • B. land area divided by population • C. death rate minus birthrate • D. birthrate minus migration • Answer is: A. persons per square mile

  37. 12. About 50 percent of the world's people speak a(n) _____ language. • A. Indo-European • B. Romance • C. Sino-Tibetan • d. Germanic • Answer is: A. Indo-European

  38. 13. The English language can be traced to primarily what language? • A. Hebrew • B. Anglo-Saxon • C. Latin • D. Russian • Answer is: B. Anglo-Saxon

  39. 14. Islamic houses of worship are called _____. • A. mosques • B. Mecca • C. temples • D. Cathedrals • Answer is: A. mosques

  40. 15. Which of the following religions is not an ethnic religion? • A. Hinduism • B. Shintoism • C. Catholicism • D. Taoism • Answer is: C. Catholicism

  41. 16. Which type of religion is currently experiencing rapid growth? • A. animist religions • B. polytheistic religions • C. ethnic religions • D. universalizing religions • Answer is: D. universalizing religions

  42. CHAPTER 6

  43. 1. Which of the following countries is a developing country? • A. Mali • B. Australia • C. Japan • D. France • Answer is: A. Mali

  44. 2. Which country has a totalitarian form of government? • A. Russia • B. Great Britain • C. Mexico • D. Cuba • Answer is: D. Cuba

  45. 3. Clusters of concentrated development on the perimeter highways of an urban area are called _____. • A. edge cities • B. world cities • C. urban land use zones • D. central business districts • Answer is: A. edge cities

  46. 4. Which of the following factors is not a measure of development? • a. gross national product • B. population • C. literacy rate • D. Industrialization • Answer is: B. population

  47. 5. The most basic economic system is a _____ economy. • a. market • B. command • C. subsistence • D. free enterprise • Answer is: C. subsistence

  48. 6. The most important centers for economic power and wealth are _____. • A. central business districts • B. world cities • C. edge cities • D. Agribusinesses • Answer is: B. world cities

  49. 7. Which of the following is a characteristic of agribusiness? • A. huge specialized farms • B. government-owned farms • C. farms owned by individual families • D. farms that produce many types of crops • Answer is: A. huge specialized farms

  50. 8. Where would you be least likely to find subsistence farms? • A. Africa • B. Europe • C. South America • D. Asia • Answer is: B. Europe

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