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Nuremberg Trails

By: Jessica Reich, Alyssa Egner & Dylan Kruse. Nuremberg Trails. Karl Doenitz. Judge: Otto Heinrich Kranzbühler Defense Attorney: Otto Kranzbühler Doenitz was active in waging aggressive war .

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Nuremberg Trails

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  1. By: Jessica Reich, Alyssa Egner & Dylan Kruse Nuremberg Trails

  2. Karl Doenitz • Judge: Otto Heinrich Kranzbühler • Defense Attorney: Otto Kranzbühler • Doenitz was active in waging aggressive war. • Charged with waging unrestricted submarine warfare contrary to the Naval Protocol of 1936 to which Germany acceded, and which reaffirmed the rules of submarine warfare laid down in the London Naval Agreement of 1930. • Outcome: the Tribunal finds Doenitz is not guilty on Count One of the Indictment and is guilty on Counts Two and Three

  3. Hans Frank • Judge: Otto Heinrich Kranzbühler • Defense Attorney: Dr. Alfred Seidl • Through use of his office as a governor general, Frank participated in the conspiracy to commit war crimes and crimes against humanity in the territory of the general government of Poland. • On October 1st 1946 Hans Frank was sentenced to death by hanging. His execution was carried out on October 16th 1946. 

  4. Wilhelm Frick • Judge: Otto Heinrich Kranzbühler • Defense Attorney: Otto Pannenbecker • Responsible for bringing the German Nation under the complete control of the NSDAP. • Frick drafted, signed, and administered many laws designed to eliminate Jews from German life and economy. • Conclusion: The Tribunal finds that Frick is not guilty on Count One. He is guilt on Counts Two, Three and Four.

  5. Hans Fritzsche • Judge: Otto Heinrich Kranzbühle • Defense Attorney: Heinz Fritz • As head of the Home Press Division, Fritzsche supervised the German press of 2,300 daily newspapers. He held daily press conferences to deliver the directives of the Propaganda Ministry to these papers. • Fritzsche made strong propaganda statements in his broadcasts. His goal was to gain popular support of Hitler and the German war effort. • Conclusion: The Tribunal finds that Fritzsche is not guilty under this Indictment, and directs that he shall be discharged by the Marshal when the Tribunal presently adjourns.

  6. Walther Funk • Judge: Otto Heinrich Kranzbühler • Defense Attorney: Baldur von Schirach • Funk participated in the economic planning which preceded the attack on the U.S.S.R. • Funk had participated in the early Nazi programs of economic discrimination against the Jews Funk was indirectly involved in the utilization of concentration camp labor. • Conclusion: The Tribunal finds that Funk is not guilty on Count One but is guilty under Counts Two, Three, and Four.

  7. Hermann Goering • Judge: Otto Heinrich Kranzbühler • Defense Attorney: Otto Stahmer • Devolved the Gestapo and created the first concentration camps. • He was the director of the slave labor program and the creator of the oppressive programs against the Jews and other races • Conclusion: The Tribunal finds the defendant Goering guilty on all four counts of the Indictment.

  8. Rudolf Hess • Judge: Otto Heinrich Kranzbühler • Defense Attorney: Günther von Rohrscheidt • Responsibility for handling all Party matters, and authority to make decisions in Hitler's name on all questions of Party leadership. • Evidence shows the participation of the Party Chancellery in the distribution of orders connected with the commission of war crimes; and proposed laws discriminating against Jews and Poles; and that he signed orders forcing certain groups of Poles to accept German citizenship. • Conclusion: The Tribunal finds the defendant Hess guilty on Counts One and Two; and not guilty on Counts Three and Four.

  9. Alfred Jodi • Chief of Operations for the German High Command. • Judge: Henri Donnedieu de Vabres- French • Prosecution: Accused of: Conspiracy to Wage Aggressive War, Crimes against Peace, War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity • Defendants: pleaded he was following “superior orders” • Outcome: sentenced to death-Hanged October 16, 1946

  10. Ernst Kaltenbrunner • Chief of Security Police and RSHA (org that includes offices of Gestapo, SD, and criminal Police) • Judge: Justice Geoffrey Lawrence (Britain) • Prosecution: Col. Amen, accused of: Crimes against peace, War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity. • Defendants: Kurt Kaufmann, pleaded following “superior orders”. “I have only done my duty as an intelligence organ, and I refuse to serve as an ersatz for Himmler.” • Outcome: guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, sentenced to death- hanged- October 16 1946

  11. Wilhelm Keitel • Chief of Staff of the German High Command • Judge: Geoffrey Lawrence (Britain) • Prosecution: accused of: Conspiracy to Wage Aggressive war, Crimes against Peace, War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity • Defendants: “superior orders” “We all believed so much in him (Hitler) and we stand to take all the blame and the shame! He gave us the orders. He kept saying it was all his responsibility.” • Outcome: sentenced to death- hanged in the palace of Justice October 16, 1946.

  12. Konstantin von Neurath • Minister of Foreign Affairs until 1938, then Reich Protector for Bohemia and Moravia • Judge: Francis Biddle (USA) • Prosecution: accused of Conspiracy to Wage Aggressive war, Crimes against Peace, War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity. • Defendants: Otto von Ludinghausen • Outcome: 15 years in prison- released in 1954 and died 2 years later.

  13. Franz von Papen • Reich Chancellor prior to Hitler, Vice Chancellor under Hitler, Ambassador to Turkey • Judge: Geoffrey Lawrence • Prosecution: Dr Kubuschok • Defendants: “I tried to persuade him (Hitler) he was wrong in his anti-Jewish policies. He listened at first but later, I had no influence on him.” • Outcome: Acquitted of charges

  14. Erich Raeder • Commander in Chief of the German Navy • Judge: Geoffry Lawrence • Prosecution: advocated attacks on neutral ships. Accused of: Crimes against peace, War Crimes, Crimes against humanity • Defendants: “Naturally I will be hanged or shot; at least I request it. I have no desire to serve a prison sentence at my age.” • Outcome: sentenced to life in prison, served 9 years released in1955, died in 1960.

  15. Joachim von Ribbentrop • Foreign Minister • Judge: Iola T. Nikitschenko (Russian) • Prosecution: accused of: Conspiracy to Wage Aggressive War, Crimes Against Peace, War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity. • Defendants: “We are only living shadows-the remains of a dead era- an era that died with Hitler/ Wether a few of us live another 10 or 20 years, it makes no difference.” • Outcome: sentenced to death- hanged October 16, 1946.

  16. Alfred Rosenberg • Chief Nazi Philosopher and Reichminister for the Eastern Occupied Territories • Principal planner in the invasion of Norway and Soviet Union and responsible for brutal conditions in Eastern Europe • Outcome: Hung on Oct 16, 1946 for war crimes (crimes against peace, wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity)

  17. Fritz Sauckel • Chief of Slave Labor Recruitment • Arbeitseinsatz-Forced recruitment in order to reach increasing demands-poor working conditions and starvation • Defendant-Robert Servatius • Outcome-Found guilty of war crimes, and crimes against humanity and hung on Oct 16, 1946

  18. Hjalmar Schacht • ReichsbankPresidnet and Minister of Economics before the War • At Nuremberg he was charged with organizing an economy for war but found not guilty • could not establish that he had been involved in a plot to engage in aggressive war • he had lost all important positions in 1937  could not have participated in any planning for war • He was later re-arrested in West Germany. He was sentenced to eight years in prison as he was deemed to be a major offender. He appealed and on September 2nd 1948, Hjalmar Schacht was released from prison.

  19. Baldur von Schirach • Claimed he didn’t know about extermination camps and protested about inhumane treatment of Jews. • Indicted for crimes against peace  helped to build up Hitler Youth • Oct 1, 1946 found guilty for crimes against humanity  sentenced to 20 years

  20. Arthur Seyss-Inquart • Defendant-Gustav Steinbauer • Outcome- charged with conspiracy to commit Crimes against peace, wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity  hung Oct 16, 1946 • Harsh suppression of Nazi opponents and Jews, harsh treatment in the Netherlands

  21. Albert Speer • Defendants- Dr. Hans Flachsner • Prosecutor- Robert Jackson • Judges- 8 judges (2 Soviet 1 American) • Outcome – found guilty of war crimes  sentenced to 20 years imprisonment • Took prisoners of war and foreign workers into German war industries where they starved

  22. Julius Streicher • Outcome • Speeches and articles about hatred of the Jews were an “accessory to murder” • Found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death Oct 1, 1946

  23. Works Cited • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeHess.html • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeDoenitz.html • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Frank1.html#Crimes • http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/hans_frank.htm • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeFritzsche.html • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeFunk.html • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeGoering.html • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/JudgeFrick.html • http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/alfred-rosenberg-is-executed • http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/hjalmar_schacht.htm • "The Nazi Defendants in the Major War Criminal Trial in Nuremberg." The Nazi Defendants in the Major War Criminal Trial in Nuremberg. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. • "The Accused of the Nuremberg Trial." The Accused of the Nuremberg Trial. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. • "The Nuremberg Trials." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Council, n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. • "RECOGNIZE SOMEONE?" Photo Archives. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.

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