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1.3 The Skin

1.3 The Skin. I. The Skin is Your Largest Organ II. Skin Structures A. Three Tissue Layers 1. Epidermis a. Outer, thinest layer b. Outermost layers dead and water repellent c. New cells produced at base of epidermis d. Melanin i . Pigment that protects your skin

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1.3 The Skin

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  1. 1.3 The Skin I. The Skin is Your Largest Organ II. Skin Structures A. Three Tissue Layers 1. Epidermis a. Outer, thinest layer b. Outermost layers dead and water repellent c. New cells produced at base of epidermis d. Melanin i. Pigment that protects your skin ii. Causes different skin colors/tones

  2. B. Other skin layers 1. Dermis a. Directly below epidermis b. Thicker than other skin layers c. Blood vessels, nerves, muscles, oil and sweat glands 2. “Fatty Region” III. Skin Functions A. Protection 1. Prevents physical and chemical injury 2. Keeps bad bacteria out 3. Prevents/slows water loss

  3. B. Special nerve cells detect variety of sensations C. Vitamin D Formation 1. Occurs at skin 2. Stimulated by ultraviolet light 3. Vit. D helps body absorb calcium D. Thermal Energy and Waste Exchange 1. Must maintain constant body temperature 2. Blood vessels expand to release heat 3. Blood vessels constrict to preserve heat 4. Sweating a. Water carries out of and away from body b. 3 million sweat glands

  4. 5. Release wastes (salt and urea) in sweat III. Skin Injuries and Repair A. Bruises 1. Skin does not break 2. Blood vessels underneath skin break 3. Blood cells leak into surrounding area 4. Bruise changes colors b/c of broken down cells 5. Turns yellow as body breaks down the broken pieces of blood cells B. Cut 1. Skin gets broken 2. Blood comes out

  5. 3. Clot stops bleeding 4. Forms a scab to cover up wound 5. New skin forms under scab and scab falls off 6. Large cuts leave behind scars with new tissue 7. Large injuries require skin grafts to prevent infection and water loss. C. Skin grafts 1. Pieces of skin cut from one part of the body and used to “patch” an injured area 2. New skin incorporated into surrounding skin 3. Can only use skin from that person’s body OR identical twin.

  6. 4. Body will reject skin (organ) from another person because the body sees it as invasive 5. New treatments for severe burns a. Use skin from dead people temporarily b. Doctors grow compatible skin from victim’s remaining healthy skin.

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