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Chapter 2: Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement

Chapter 2: Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement. Slide Template. SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY. The Signal Detection Paradigm . Hit , misses, false alarms and correct rejections. . The Signal Detection Paradigm . Change in the evidence variable caused by a weak and strong signal. .

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Chapter 2: Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement

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  1. Chapter 2: Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement Slide Template

  2. SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY

  3. The Signal Detection Paradigm • Hit, misses, false alarms and correct rejections.

  4. The Signal Detection Paradigm • Change in the evidence variable caused by a weak and strong signal.

  5. The Signal Detection Paradigm • Hypothetical distribution underlying signal detection theory and sensitivity

  6. Setting the Response Criterion: Optimally in SDT • Signal probability. Optimal beta. • Payoffs. Expected value.

  7. Setting the Response Criterion: Optimally in SDT • Human Performance in Setting Beta. • Sluggish beta. • Relationship between obtained and optimal decision criteria.

  8. Sensitivity • Misses result because of high beta or low sensitivity

  9. The roc curve

  10. Theoretical Representation • Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve

  11. Theoretical Representation • Analysis of confidence ratings in signal detection tasks.

  12. Theoretical Representation • Z-scores.

  13. Empirical Data • Distinction between theoretical data and actual empirical data collected in an experiment

  14. FUZZY SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY

  15. Fuzzy SDT • Combining SDT and fuzzy logic. • Mapping function.

  16. Applications of sdt

  17. Medical Diagnosis • Disease prevalence.

  18. Recognition Memory and Eyewitness Testimony • Relative judgment

  19. Alarm and Alert Systems • SDT and warning signals

  20. Alarm and Alert Systems • Alarm false alarms • Minimum safe altitude warning • Solutions: • Use multiple alarm levels • Raise automated beta slightly • Keep the human in the loop • Improve operator understanding of alarm false alarms.

  21. vigilance

  22. Target versus non-target events • Vigilance level and vigilance decrement

  23. Measuring Vigilance Performance • Influences on sensitivity • Changes in bias

  24. Theories of Vigilance • Arousal theory

  25. Theories of Vigilance • Sustained demand theory. • Expectancy theory.

  26. Techniques to Combat the Loss of Vigilance • Increasing sensitivity: • show target examples • increase target salience • reduce the event rate • train observers • Shift in Response Criterion. • Instructions, knowledge of results, false signals, confidence levels • Other techniques • Arousal and fatigue

  27. Application • Inside and outside the Laboratory • Examples • Situation Awareness

  28. Absolute JUDGMENT

  29. Quantifying Information • Bits

  30. Single Dimensions • Experimental Results • Channel capacity • Bow Effect • Applictions

  31. Multi-dimensional Judgment • Orthogonal Dimensions

  32. Multi-dimensional Judgment • Correlated Dimensions

  33. Multi-dimensional Judgment • Dimensional Relations: • Integral and Separable. • Garner Sort task.

  34. Multi-dimensional Judgment • Configural Dimensions • Emergent features. • Summary

  35. Multi-dimensional Judgment • Implications of Multi-Dimensional Absolute Judgment • Example of configural dimensions for the heights and widths of rectangles

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