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RESPIRATION

RESPIRATION. Energy in food. Carbohydrates (17 kJ g -1 ) Proteins (17 kJ g -1 ) Lipids (34 kJ g -1 ) These are sources of reduced carbon This can supply hydrogen atoms  protons (H + ) + electrons (e - ). © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS. Energy transformations.

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RESPIRATION

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  1. RESPIRATION

  2. Energy in food • Carbohydrates (17 kJ g-1)Proteins (17 kJ g-1)Lipids (34 kJ g-1) • These are sources of reduced carbon • This can supply hydrogen atoms  protons (H+) + electrons (e-) © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

  3. Energy transformations Light  Chemical (mostly in chemical bonds) Chemical  Heat Chemical  Kinetic (movement) Chemical  Chemical COUPLED REACTIONSe.g. Food  ATP © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

  4. Inorganic phosphate High energy bond The energy in Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ADP + Pi  ATP + H2O E = + 30.5 kJ mol-1 ADENOSINE  P  P  P © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

  5. A stepwise energy release is needed Complete oxidation of glucose C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O E = 2880 kJ mol-1 Complete oxidation of a fat (lipid) C18H34O2 + 25.5O2 18CO2 + 17H2O E = 9800 kJ mol-1 © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

  6. Respiration is efficient • This is too much to handle all at once • Energy is released step by step • Coupled to ATP synthesis • The energy in 1 molecule of glucose is used to synthesise 36 molecules of ATP • 37.5 % efficient • This is a very efficient energy conversion • Because the release of the energy from the food molecules is done stepwise © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

  7. Coupling the energy released from glucose to ATP Two reaction pathways • GLYCOLYSISin the cytoplasm • KREB'S CYCLEin mitochondria of eukaryotes (in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes) © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS

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