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Cigarette & Tobacco Use. Presented By: Tonya Lee, Crystal Culpepper, Lauren Raulerson, and Nathan Brantley. Tobacco. Tobacco has been variously hailed as a gift from the gods, a miraculous cure-all for life’s physical ills.
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Cigarette & Tobacco Use Presented By: Tonya Lee, Crystal Culpepper, Lauren Raulerson, and Nathan Brantley
Tobacco • Tobacco has been variously hailed as a gift from the gods, a miraculous cure-all for life’s physical ills. • It is common knowledge that cigarette smoking is the single major cause of cancer.
Oral Effects • The local oral effects of various tobacco habits have received little attention outside of the potential cancer. • Tobacco stain, a brown/black extrinsic stain, is typically found on the enamel surfaces of smokers and tobacco chewers.
Oral Cancer • Squamous Cell Carcinoma(Oral Cancer) is the most worrisome mucosal change. • At least 80% of oral cancer are smokers. • Oral patients who continue to smoke may develop a new head or neck cancer.
Tobacco • Recurring ulcers, or canker sores, are exquisitely painful and very common. • Smokeless tobacco usage does appear to enhance to presence of several periodontal pathogens.
Lung Cancer is the Leading Cause of Death Among Chronic
Types of Tobacco Use • There are several types of tobacco use. • We will look at cigarettes, chewing tobacco, cigars, and pipes. • Tobacco use is the most addictive drug in America. • In the US, one person dies every 72 seconds from a tobacco-related disease.
What in Cigarette Smoke is Harmful? • Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds produced by the burning of tobacco and additives. The smoke contains tar, which is made up of more than 4,000 chemicals, including over 60 known to cause cancer. Some of these substances cause heart and lung diseases, and all of them can be deadly.
You might be surprised to know some of the chemicals found in cigarette smoke. They include: Arsenic (used in rat poison) cyanide Benzene (found in rubber cement) methanol (wood alcohol) acetylene (the fuel used in welding torches) ammonia Cigarette smoke also contains the poisonous gases nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide. Its main active ingredient is nicotine, an addictive drug. What in Cigarette Smoke is Harmful?
Nicotine • Nicotine is highly addictive. • Nicotine provides an almost immediate “kick” because it causes discharge of epinephrine from the adrenal cortex. • This stimulates the central nervous system and other glands which causes release of glucose.
Nicotine Cont. • Nicotine is absorbed readily from tobacco smoke in the lungs, and it does not matter whether tobacco smoke is from cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. • With regular use of tobacco, levels of nicotine accumulate in the body. • Daily smokers or chewers are exposed to the effects of nicotine for 24hours each day.
How Does Tobacco Use Effect The Economy • The tobacco industry is one of the most profitable businesses in the country, making billions of dollars yearly. But the costs of smoking are far higher than the income from cigarette sales. • Smoking causes more than $150 billion each year in health-related costs, including the cost of lost productivity due to smoking.
Effects of the Economy Cont. • Smoking-related medical costs totaled more than $75 billion in 1998 and accounted for 8% of personal health care medical expenditures. • Death-related productivity losses due to smoking among workers cost the U.S. economy more than $81 billion (average for 1995-1999). • For each pack of cigarettes sold in 1999, $3.45 was spent on medical care due to smoking, plus $3.73 in lost productivity, for a total cost of $7.18 per pack.
Treatments • Behavioral economic studies find that alternative rewards and reinforcers can reduce cigarette use. • Nicotine chewing gum is one medication approved by the FDA. • The success rates for smoking cessation treatment with nicotine chewing gum vary considerably. • Another approach is the nicotine transdermal patch. • A skin patch that delivers a relatively constant amount of nicotine to the person wearing it. • These treatments are used to help people quit smoking by reducing withdrawal symptoms and preventing relapse while undergoing behavioral treatment.
Treatments Cont. • Another tool in treating nicotine addiction is a medication called Zybane. • This works on other aspects of the brain and helps to make controllable nicotine craving or thoughts about cigarette use.
