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European drug report package

European drug report package. A comprehensive analysis on the drugs problem in Europe. Country overviews. Prevalence barometers. Health and social responses profiles. PODs – perspectives on drugs. Mass media campaigns Hepatitis C treatment for IDUs Preventing overdose deaths

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European drug report package

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  1. European drug report package • A comprehensive analysis on the drugs problem in Europe

  2. Country overviews Prevalence barometers Health and social responses profiles

  3. PODs – perspectives on drugs • Mass media campaigns • Hepatitis C treatment for IDUs • Preventing overdose deaths • Emergency health consequences of cocaine use • Trends in heroin treatment • Characteristics of high-risk cannabis users • New EU drugs strategy • Controlling new psychoactive substances • Models for the legal supply of cannabis • Synthetic cannabinoids • Synthetic drug production

  4. The European drug policy landscape in 2013 • After 30+ years with heroin centre stage in Europe — there are now signs of a decline • The use of other ‘old drugs’ is overall stable but with some new developments • New psychoactive substances are on the increase

  5. Cannabis use in Europe 77 million adults ever used cannabis 15.4 million young adults used last year

  6. 3 million daily cannabis users Young males over represented

  7. Cannabis – rising treatment demand Second most frequently reported drug – all treatment clients Cannabis Cannabis

  8. Cannabis treatment: range of approaches Internet-based, brief interventions, family therapy, etc. Evaluations on the increase

  9. Cannabis market changes: from resin to herb 2001 2011 Herb Resin

  10. Cannabis supply • Domestic production reported by almost all countries Increased violence, organised crime involvement

  11. Drug supply reduction: shift away from drug squads …towards organised crime agencies with drug supply reduction mandate

  12. Opioids Europe’s biggest drug problem 1.4 million problem opioid users

  13. Heroin use – signs of a decline Opioids > • Fewer new clients entering treatment • Ageing treatment cohort • Less heroin injecting Heroin users in treatment

  14. Overdose deaths decreasing • Overdose deaths: • From 7 700 (2009) • to 6 500 (2011)

  15. Drop in drug law offences Heroin

  16. Heroin: signs of a decline Opioids > Lowest quantities seized for a decade

  17. Heroin replaced by… • Stimulants • New drugs • Other opioids • etc. Fentanyl

  18. Disruption in decline in new HIV diagnoses 2011 HIV outbreaks in Greece and Romania continued into 2012

  19. Hepatitis C – a hidden epidemic Prevalence between 18–80% in IDUs

  20. New Hepatitis C treatments New generation of medicines being developed

  21. Preventing overdose deaths • Take-home • naloxone programmes

  22. 1.2 million in drug treatment in Europe Opioids > Substitution treatment is first choice for opioid users Other forms of treatment available in all countries

  23. Substitution treatment – increasing provision 730 000 in opioid substitution treatment Coverage for around 50% of POUs

  24. Substitution treatment in prisons Available in most countries, but restrictions exist

  25. Stimulants 2.5 million young Europeans used cocaine in the last year 1.8 million used ecstasy 1.7 million used amphetamines

  26. Stimulants: increasingly complex market Stimulants > Predominant stimulant drug by last year prevalence among 15-34 year olds

  27. Wastewater analysis • Recent studies support thisgeographicaldistribution of stimulants

  28. Cocaine decline (high-prevalence countries) Stimulants > • Recent surveys • Treatment presentations • Hospital emergencies • Deaths

  29. Cocaine: changes in trafficking? • Diversification in trafficking routes

  30. Signs of more methamphetamine Amphetamine Methamphetamine

  31. Synthetic drug production: precursors and pre-precursors As one chemical comes under scrutiny, producers will simply switch to an alternative

  32. Ecstasy: making a comeback? MDMA rebound

  33. New drugs Around 280 new drugs monitored by the EWS

  34. 73 new substances in 2012 30 synthetic cannabinoids in 2012

  35. Emergence of synthetic cannabinoids in EU Powders manufactured in and imported from China Mixed with, or sprayed onto, herbs Packaged for sale as ‘legal highs’

  36. Synthetic cannabinoids: new developments • Resinous products • Tablets resembling ‘ecstasy’ • Cannabis sprayed

  37. Risk assessment of NPS Formalised guidelines Health risks, social risks, organised crime Diffusion potential • 4-MA (2012) – 21 deaths • 5-IT (2013) – 21 deaths

  38. A challenge for drug control policies Controlling NPS

  39. In summary • Drug use remains high by historical standards, • but some positive changes apparent: • Record treatment levels, declines in new heroin use and erosion in injecting • Stable or declining trends for most ‘old’ drugs • BUT • ‘New’ problems are emerging linked to ‘new’ psychoactive substances • Concern unemployment and service cuts could lead to re-emergence of ‘old’ problems

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