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Hitler

The Rise of. Hitler. Germany (1919 - 1923). Weimar Government is unstable reparation payments = economic woes several attempts to overthrow the gov’t rise of extremist groups. Treaty of Versailles.

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Hitler

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  1. The Rise of Hitler

  2. Germany(1919 - 1923) • Weimar Government is unstable • reparation payments = economic woes • several attempts to overthrow the gov’t • rise of extremist groups

  3. Treaty of Versailles • Article 231 (War Guilt Clause) led to the popularity of any political party promising to make Germany strong again

  4. Fear of Communism • 1919 Spartacist revolt = fear of a communist revolution • the middle class and industrialists will support parties that oppose the communists

  5. Free Saxony from Marxist Trash

  6. “69 Years of Tribute” Dissatisfaction with the Weimar Government • it signed the Treaty of Versailles • inability to pull Germany out of the Great Depression after 1929 Coal is Bread

  7. French Invasion of the Ruhr • 1923 - when Germany could not pay reparation payments France sent forces into the Ruhr • they confiscated coal and shipped it to France • this lead to hyperinflation in Germany

  8. Price index July 1914 1.0 Jan 1919 2.6 July 1919 3.4 Jan 1920 12.6 Jan 1921 14.4 July 1921 14.3 Jan 1922 36.7 July 1922 100.6 Jan 1923 2,785 July 1923 194,000 Nov 1923 726,000,000,000 Hyperinflation 1920: A 50 Mark Note: (a reasonable denomination) 1923: A 20 TRILLION Mark Note: ("Milliarden" means a million million)

  9. Munich Putsch • 1923 - Hitler led an attempted coup • jailed (could have faced execution as a traitor)

  10. Mein Kampf • after being sentenced to prison for the Munich Putsch Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

  11. Break 1928 The DawesChains

  12. charismatic appeal of Hitler • mesmerizing speaker • very popular • promised what the Germans wanted to hear

  13. the Great Depression • economic hardship meant Germans were attracted to solutions to their problems • Communism or Fascism offered solutions

  14. SA • Hitler’s private army • hired thugs beat up communists in the streets

  15. 1930 The Red words are: usury, Versailles, unemployment, war guilt lie, Marxism, Bolshevism, lies and betrayal, inflation, Locarno, Dawes Pact, Young Plan, corruption, Barmat, Kutistker, Sklarek [the last three Jews involved in major financial scandals], prostitution, terror, civil war

  16. Article 48 • Article 48 of the Weimar constitution allowed the President to govern by decree during a national emergency • it was used frequently between 1929-1933 and Hitler used it to manipulate the March 1933 national elections

  17. President von Hindenburg • President of the Weimar Republic from 1925-34 • he was sympathetic toward the Nazi because of their goal to make Germany stronger and their anti-communist stance

  18. The Reichstag Fire • February 1933 • the German parliament buildings were destroyed by fire • Hitler blamed the Communists • Article 48 was used to restrict the electoral activities of the opposition parties

  19. Party Representation in the Reichstag 1920-1933

  20. The Enabling Act Yes! • March 1933 • Hitler used intimidation to force the passage of the Enabling Act • this gave him emergency dictatorial powers for 4 years Leader we follow you!

  21. PropagandaWhat makes good propaganda? Germany lives

  22. Economic Prosperity • modern transportation system was built • massive highway system (Autobahns)

  23. lebensraum • “living space” • Germany needed room for its expanded population

  24. heimat • a chance to create a racially pure state (aryan race) • How do you get rid of non-aryans?

  25. Nuremburg Laws • defined German citizenship on racial grounds • non-aryans were not granted citizenship • the creation on a heimat implied the removal of non-aryans

  26. Night of the Broken Glass • Kristallnacht • Jewish shops were destroyed and goods confiscated

  27. Holocaust • genocide • concentration camps • extermination camps

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