Ethical Decision Making in Team-Based Service Learning Presented by:

1. Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus Ethical Decision Making in Team-Based Service Learning Presented by: Craig Titus & Carla Zoltowski EPICS Conference – Austin, TX 2009

2. Introductions Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Craig Titus • EPICS Graduate Teaching Assistant • PhD student – Philosophy and Literature, Purdue University • Carla Zoltowski • EPICS Educational Administrator • PhD student – Engineering Education, Purdue University

3. Table of Contents Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Part One: • Where we began (and why this was a problem) • Part Two: • Where we want to go • Part Three: • Where we are now

4. Where we began Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Part One: • Where we began

5. ABET Requirements Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus Engineering programs must demonstrate that their graduates have 1. An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering 2. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data 3. An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs 4. An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams 5. An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems 6. An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility 7. An ability to communicate effectively 8. The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context 9. A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning 10. A knowledge of contemporary issues 11. An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.

6. Where we began Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Assessment of starting point: • End of semester reflection questions • Sample of 30 students • Two semesters (F ‘08, S ‘09) • 60 reflections total

7. Reflection Question Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Assessment of starting point – Reflection question: • What are the ethical issues (or potential issues) you encountered this semester in your work with EPICS? • What were all the possible solutions to these issues? • Which solution(s) did you choose AND why did you choose these solutions instead of the others? • What would have happened had you not addressed these issue?

8. Where we began Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • We were not quite where we wanted to be: • Most students were unable to identify an ethical dilemma in their projects • This includes identifying potential dilemmas • Of the ones who did, most identified wrong

9. Where we began Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • We were not quite where we wanted to be: • Most common problem: Identification of ethical issue • Next most common: narrow focus on safety and professional obligations • Next most common: articulation of the nature of issue and their chosen solutions (lack of ethical language) • This told us where to begin.

10. Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Part Two: • Where we want to go

11. Where we want to go Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • We have a beginning: • ABET: “understanding of ethical and professional responsibility” • EPICS is service learning • Our focus is on application, not just understanding

12. Where we want to go Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • We identify our needs: • Need Goals • Learning objectives • Need a developmental model • Rest’s model • Need a way to teach the model • Curriculum components • Need a way to assess (pre/post) • Short cases • Reflections • Ongoing case (gravity project)

13. Where we want to go Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Our learning objectives (Need #1): • Demonstrate awareness of ethical situations • Demonstrate awareness of ethical language, and be able to define certain terms • Demonstrate awareness of the four components of moral behavior (Rest) • Demonstrate awareness of multiple ethical frameworks • Demonstrate awareness of the four attributes of a profession (Martin & Schinzinger) • Describe the purpose of professional codes of ethics and their common components • Our learning objectives (Need #1): • Demonstrate ability to identify ethical issues related to a case or to the design of their EPICS project. • Demonstrate ability to identify the stakeholders involved in ethical issues related to a case or to the design of their EPICS project. • Demonstrate ability to identify at least two or more ethical frameworks and their value in the resolution of ethical issues related to a case or to the design of their EPICS project. • Demonstrate ability to identify a potential or actual ethical issue related to a case or to the design of their EPICS project. • Demonstrate ability to identify the value of their discipline's professional code of ethics (engineering students will read their engineering discipline's code as well as the NSPE code of ethics, other majors will read their discipline’s code) as it relates to a case or to the design of their EPICS project. • Demonstrate ability to argue for a particular course of action in response to an identified potential or actual ethical issue related to a case or to the design of their EPICS project.

14. Where we want to go Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Our foundational model – Rest’s Four Components (Need #2): • Moral sensitivity: it is necessary to appreciate that there is a moral dimension to the situation before behaving morally; • Moral judgment: moral behavior requires that a judgment be made between available options, ethically justified; • Moral motivation: it becomes necessary to prioritize the moral over competing concerns, whether moral or otherwise; • Moral action: requires competence in the construction and implementation of actions that address the moral situation.

15. Where we want to go Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Our curriculum components (Need #3): • Introductory lecture • Social context components in design lecture (for the big picture) • Skill sessions in Ethics and Social context • Ongoing case (for hindsight analysis) • TA training to help students identify and process actual (or potential) dilemmas

16. Where we want to go Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Our assessment methods (Need #4): • ESIT-type instrument for pre/post (under development) • Reflections • Ethics skill session writing assignments and discussions • Observation

17. Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Part Three: • Where we are now

18. Where we are now Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Where are we now?: • At the beginning • But under way!

19. Where we are now Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Where we are now: • Rest’s 4-component model (not Bloom’s taxonomy, behavior not cognition) • Curriculum components • Short cases • Ethics lecture • Ethics skill session • Social context components of design lecture • Social context skill session • Ongoing case • Micro insertions (from TAs and advisors?) • Need a way to assess (pre/post) • Looked at TESSE and ESIT – but won’t work, need our own • Short cases (pre) • Reflections (post) • Ongoing case (gravity project) • Senior design writing assignments

20. Where we are now Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Where we are now: • Developing assessment instrument (Based on our ESIT and TESSE experience) • Pilot Fall 2009 • Developing a case study out of an actual, long-term EPICS project • Fall 2009/Spring 2010 • Honed Ethics lecture based on reflections • Now 5/5 required lecture series for new EPICS students • Honed social context components and positioned as part of design • Part of lectures 2-4/5 • Developed Ethics and social context skill sessions based on reflections • Both given each semester now • Developing TA training • Fall 2009

21. The End Lecture: Ethical Decision Making Presented By: Craig Titus • Questions