1. Historical Perspective Immunity - state of protection from an infectious disease. 430 BC – Greek historian Thucydides - Athenian plague 15th century – Chinese attempts to induce immunity 1718 – Mary Wortley Montagu – innoculated her children 1798 – Edward Jenner – milkmaids and cowpox/smallpox

2. Historical Perspective Louis Pasteur early 1880’s – Cholera and chickens Attenuation hypothesis 1881 – Testing the hypothesis with anthrax and sheep 1885 – Rabies vaccine

3. Historical Perspective 1890 - Behring and Kitasato – link serum to immunity 1883 – Metchnikoff – links cells (phagocytes) to immunity early 1900’s – many functions of immune serum 1930’s – Kabat - immunoglobulin/antibodies 1950’s – Glick – two types of lymphocytes

4. Historical Perspective 1900 – Paul Ehrlich – Selective theory 1950’s – Jerne, Talmadge and Burnet – clonal selection theory

5. Historical Perspective

6. Infection and Immunity pathogens – organisms causing disease pathogenesis – the means by which disease-causing organisms attach a host.

7. Innate and Adaptive Immunity Innate 1st line of defense Non-specific mechanisms Phagocytes and recognition molecules Adaptive 2nd line of defense Highly specific mechanisms Lymphocytes, antigen specific receptors, antibodies

8. Immune Dysfunction Allergies and asthma Autoimmune disease Immunodeficiency