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Why Soil Health Matters to Stormwater Runoff

Why Soil Health Matters to Stormwater Runoff. First Annual Soil Health Conference March 9, 2010. Stormwater Management Goals. Pre-1970 - Drainage 1970s - Flood and Erosion Control 1980s - Watershed Planning 1990s - NPS Pollution Control 2000s - Groundwater Recharge 2010s - Soil Health?.

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Why Soil Health Matters to Stormwater Runoff

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  1. Why Soil Health Matters to Stormwater Runoff First Annual Soil Health Conference March 9, 2010

  2. Stormwater Management Goals • Pre-1970 - Drainage • 1970s - Flood and Erosion Control • 1980s - Watershed Planning • 1990s - NPS Pollution Control • 2000s - Groundwater Recharge • 2010s - Soil Health? First Annual Soil Health Conference

  3. Rainfall Focus Flooding Erosion Pollution Recharge First Annual Soil Health Conference

  4. Rainfall Focus Flooding Erosion Pollution Recharge First Annual Soil Health Conference

  5. Why Soil Health Matters First Annual Soil Health Conference

  6. Hydrologic Cycle Source: NJDEP Stormwater BMP Manual First Annual Soil Health Conference

  7. Pervious Soil Conditions Infiltration & Percolation EvapoTrans Runoff Soil Moisture Recharge

  8. Impervious Surface Conditions Runoff Infiltration & Percolation? Evaporation Soil Moisture? Recharge?

  9. Compacted Soil Conditions Runoff EvapoTrans Infiltration & Percolation Soil Moisture Recharge

  10. Runoff Impact Estimates • NRCS Runoff Equation • Hydrologic Soil Groups • A - Sandy - High Permeability • B - Loamy - Moderate Permeability • C - Silty - Low Permeability • C - Clayey - Very Low Permeability • Vegetated Cover Condition • Good - Fair - Poor First Annual Soil Health Conference

  11. Runoff Impact Estimates • Research Indicates Compaction Can: • Reduce HSG B Permeability to HSG D • Reduce Good Cover to Poor • Research Includes: • Pitt, Lantrip, & Harrison (1999) • Ocean County SCD & Schnabel (2001) • Gregory, Dukes, Jones, & Miller (2006) First Annual Soil Health Conference

  12. From Ocean County SCD & Schnabel Runoff Impact Estimates First Annual Soil Health Conference

  13. Runoff Impact Estimates • Woods with HSG B Soils • Lawn with HSG B Soils and Good Cover • Lawn with HSG D Soils and Good Cover • Lawn with HSG D Soils and Poor Cover • Impervious Cover First Annual Soil Health Conference

  14. NRCS Runoff Estimates First Annual Soil Health Conference

  15. NRCS Runoff Estimates First Annual Soil Health Conference

  16. NRCS Runoff Estimates First Annual Soil Health Conference

  17. NRCS Runoff Estimates First Annual Soil Health Conference

  18. NRCS Runoff Estimates First Annual Soil Health Conference

  19. NRCS Runoff Estimates First Annual Soil Health Conference

  20. Rainfall Focus • From New Jersey Rainfall Data Research by USGS: • On Average, 3 Inches of Rain is Largest Daily Rainfall in One Year • Approximately 75% of All Rains in One Year are 1.5 Inches or Less • Therefore, Extreme Runoff Impacts of Compaction on Virtually All Rainfalls First Annual Soil Health Conference

  21. Runoff Impact Estimates • Research by Horner and May Indicate that for Up to 40% Watershed Impervious Cover, Majority of Environmental Damage to Water Resources Caused by Increased Runoff Volume, Not Runoff Pollutants • Therefore, Control of Compaction Vital to All Our Stormwater Management Goals First Annual Soil Health Conference

  22. Conclusions • Healthy Soils have Greater Permeability than Unhealthy Soils • Compaction Alters Healthy Structure and Reduces Permeability • Reduced Permeability = Increased Runoff • Increased Runoff = Increased Damage First Annual Soil Health Conference

  23. Still To Solve • Knowledge and Communication Gap Between Soil Scientists and Stormwater Engineers • Quantifying Impacts • Restoration Techniques • Compaction Impacts on Runoff Largely Unregulated • NJDEP Nonstructural Strategies First Annual Soil Health Conference

  24. References • Robert Pitt, Ph.D., Janice Lantrip, and Robert Harrison, Infiltration Through Disturbed Urban Soils and Compost-Amended Soil Effects on Runoff Quality and Quantity, USEPA, 1999. • Ocean County Soil Conservation District, Schnabel Engineering Associates, Inc., and USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, The Impact of Soil Disturbance During Construction on Bulk Density and Infiltration in Ocean County, New Jersey, 2001. • J. H Gregory, M.D. Dukes, P.H. Jones, G.L. Miller, Effect of Urban Soil Compaction on Infiltration Rate, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, May 1, 2006. • Natural Resources Conservation Service, Technical Release 55 - Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, June 1986. • New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual, April 2004 First Annual Soil Health Conference

  25. Joseph J. Skupien, PE, PPPresidentStorm Water Management Consulting, LLC1108 Old York RoadP.O. Box 727Ringoes, New Jersey 08551908-806-7700joeskupien@swmconsulting.com First Annual Soil Health Conference

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