What was the first English settlement in North America? Why was it founded?

1. What was the first English settlement in North America? Why was it founded? Jamestown, to establish a colony well suited for growing tobacco in the Chesapeake region

2. Why did the Puritans want to leave England? What boat did they travel on? What was their purpose? religious persecution, the Mayflower, to form a perfect community through their covenant with God

3. Name 2 characteristics of the New England colonies. education, small farms, harbor cities, Puritanically based morals and religion

4. Name 2 characteristics of the middle colonies. religious tolerance, commerce, craftsmanship, heavy Dutch influence, big cities like New York and Philadelphia

5. Name 2 characteristics of the southern colonies. Loyalty to the crown, plantations & cash crops, low population density, controlled by small group of wealthy plantation owners

6. What religious movement was focused on getting an emotional response from its audience? What was its “non-religious” impact? Great Awakening, caused people to start thinking more democratically and questioning authority

7. How did this movement help feed revolutionary fervor? equality in the eyes of God, pushed people to think democratically

8. Which enlightenment thinker pushed for a three branch government and a system of checks and balances? Montesquieu

9. Which enlightenment thinker was an advocate for the protection of “natural rights” (life, liberty, property) and the idea that people should overthrow a government that does not protect these rights? John Locke

10. Which enlightenment thinker pushed a social contract that emphasized government by the general will? Rousseau

11. Which Enlightenment thinker was a serious advocate for civil liberties like freedom of religion, speech, and the press? • Voltaire

12. What did Thomas Paine argue in his pamphlet Common Sense? That the time had come to declare our independence

13. What is the name for the British policy of lax enforcement of colonial navigation and trade restrictions? When did they end this policy? • Salutary neglect, after the French and Indian War

14. Why did the British begin taxing the colonists in 1763? pay for the debts they ran up in the French & Indian (or 7 yrs.) War

15. What was the first major tax placed on the colonists after the Seven Years’ War? Why did many colonists feel taxation was unfair? Stamp Act, colonists felt they had no representation in Parliament

16. Name two ways the colonists protested this tax. boycotts, demonstrations, harassment of public officials, formed groups like Sons of Liberty

17. What British law required colonists to feed and house British soldiers? Quartering Act, a form of taxation that was resented by the colonists

18. What group of colonists wanted to remain loyal to Great Britain? Why? Tories/Loyalists, strength of empire, rights as British citizens, etc.

19. Who led the mob to the Customs House to set off the Boston Massacre in 1770? What organization was he from? Samuel Adams, Sons of Liberty

20. How did the British respond to the Boston Tea Party in 1774? Intolerable (Coercive) Acts (in these the British closed the port of Boston, took over the MA gov’t, quartered soldiers in colonists homes)

21. What group called made the decision to split with Britain and called for the Declaration of Independence? Second Continental Congress Declaration signed on July 4, 1776

22. Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence? Who were his two primary Enlightenment influences? Thomas Jefferson, Locke and Voltaire

23. What were the two main purposes of the Declaration of Independence? Establish the ideology behind revolution and list grievances vs. King George and Parliament

24. Where was the first actual fighting of the Revolutionary war? Why did it happen? Lexington and Concord, British sent troops to arrest colonial leaders and clashed with Minutemen

25. What Colonial victory brought increased support from the French? Why were the French willing to help us? Saratoga, French were hoping to regain influence in North America they’d lost in 7 yrs war

26. What was the British strategy at the start of the Revolutionary War? • Take control of New York (esp. Hudson River) and cut off Massachusetts from the rest of the Colonies

27. What was the freezing cold low point for the Continental Army? Why was it significant? Valley Forge, it showed the Colonial Army’s resolve in sticking with it and winning the war

28. Where did the British surrender to Washington? What Treaty officially gave us our independence? Yorktown, Treaty of Paris (1783)

29. What document set up our nation’s first national government? What was the basic configuration of this government? Articles of Confederation, loose Confederation of states run by a unicameral legislature

30. Name two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. no power to tax, no power to coin money, no executive branch, weak central government

31. What was the significance of Shay’s Rebellion (1786)? Demonstrated the weaknesses of the government under the Articles of Confederation, showed gov’t couldn’t respond effectively to crisis

32. How did the Connecticut Compromise help create our Congress? • It established a bicameral (2 house)Congress with rep by population in the House of Reps and equal rep in the Senate

33. Who appoints Justices & Ambassadors? Who approves them? President, Senate

34. What branch has the power to veto propose legislation? Executive (the President)

35. How did the Constitutional Convention resolve the issue of slavery? 3/5 Compromise – which made every 5 slaves count for 3 people when counting a state’s population

36. 41) Which part of the Constitution gives Congress to make all laws deemed “necessary and proper”? Elastic Clause

37. What determines the number of representatives that a state gets in the House of Reps.? In the Senate? its population (each state has Congressional Districts), each state gets two Senators (originally chosen by state legislatures – now by people of each state)

38. Who has the power to enforce laws? President (Executive Branch)

39. Who has the power to declares laws/acts unconstitutional? Judicial Branch, headed by the Supreme Court

40. What is the group of the President’s advisors called? Who were the two most influential advisors to President Washington? Cabinet, Hamilton (Treasury) & Jefferson (State)

41. Who has the power to tax and declare war? Congress

42. How many amendments are included in the Bill of Rights? What group pushed for it? Why? 10, Anti-Federalists – they were afraid the new national gov’t would be too powerful and infringe on the rights of the people

43. What amendment protects you from unlawful search & seizure? 4th

44. Which amendment protects your right to bear arms? 2nd

45. What right do some people feel is violated by the Death Penalty? No cruel or unusual punishment (8th)

46. What amendment protects the rights of the accused? 6th

47. What amendment protects you from self-incrimination? 5th

48. What freedoms are guaranteed by the First Amendment? Speech, religion, press, assembly, petition

49. What was Hamilton’s (Federalist Party) vision for America? A country based on manufacturing and a strong central government, national bank, lots of commerce

50. What was Jefferson’s (Democratic-Republican Party) vision for America? Agricultural society, everybody owns land, individual rights, weak central gov’t