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Puberty & Adolescence

Puberty & Adolescence. Life Span - Lecture 6 Chapter 10. Puberty / Pre-adolescence. Rapid growth @ 2 yrs to complete 2 nd sex characteristics. Factors that influence Puberty. Heredity Climate Nutrition Gender Socioeconomic status. 4 Major Changes - Puberty. Rapid growth

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Puberty & Adolescence

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  1. Puberty & Adolescence Life Span - Lecture 6 Chapter 10

  2. Puberty / Pre-adolescence • Rapid growth • @ 2 yrs to complete • 2nd sex characteristics

  3. Factors that influence Puberty • Heredity • Climate • Nutrition • Gender • Socioeconomic status

  4. 4 Major Changes - Puberty • Rapid growth • Δ body proportions • 1o sex characteristics • 2o sex characteristics

  5. Puberty Frustrations • Independence / supervision • Appearance / body changes • Peer acceptance / peer frustration • Academic success / h workload • Adult behavior / child behavior • h schedule / need for h sleep

  6. Adolescence • Begins • Sexual maturity • Ends • Cessation of growth  emotional maturity

  7. Characteristics of Adolescence • Volatile emotions • Insecurities • Introspection • Experimentation • Testing values

  8. Puberty: Height & Weight • Rapid Growth • Girls before Guys • Feet 1st • Height • h 20 – 25% • Weight • h 15 – 60 lbs • Disproportionate

  9. Puberty: Development of Sex • 1o sex characteristics • Gonads

  10. Puberty: Male • Testes • Scrotum • Sperm • Testosterone • Ejaculation • Penis

  11. Puberty: Female • Ovaries • Ova • Estrogen • Progesterone • Menarche • Menopause

  12. Puberty: Development of Sex • 2o sex characteristics • Pubic hair • Axillary hair • Sebaceous glands •  oil • Apocrine glands •  sweat

  13. Body Changes: Puberty Male ♂ Female ♀ Breasts Menstruation Cramps Pregnancy Hygiene • Penis • Erections • Wet dreams • Voice changes

  14. Body Changes: Puberty Male ♂ Female ♀ 10-11 Growth spurt Breast Pubic hair 11-14 Menarche 12 – 13 2o hair • 10 – 11 • Gonad growth • Pubic hair • 12-13 • Growth spurt • 13-15 • 2o hair • Ejaculation • Voice deepens

  15. Adolescence: Height & Weight • Slows after puberty • ♀ • 16 - 17 • ♂ • 18 – 20

  16. Muscle & Bone development • h strength • h endurance • h size • Sore • Awkward • Scoliosis • “lateral curvature of the spine”

  17. Respiratory System G&D • h Lung size, weight • i rate • h performance • Nurse intervention • EXERCISE!!!

  18. GI System G&D • h size & capacity

  19. Teeth: G&D • 12yrs • 2nd molars • 14 – 25 yrs • 3rd molars • “Wisdom teeth”

  20. Vital Signs • Pulse • 60-90 • Resp • 16 – 24 • Nursing intervention • EXERCISE!!!

  21. Motor Development • Rapid growth  Clumsy • *Eye-hand coordination

  22. Sexual Development • Comparisons • Masturbation • Sexual activity • Education

  23. STD’s • h • Prevention education

  24. Teen pregnancy “The pregnant adolescent has twice the mortality rate of a non-adolescent pregnant woman.”

  25. Teen Pregnancy • What are the “down-sides” of teenage pregnancy?

  26. Rape • h • Stranger • Date-rape

  27. Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Overlook Avoid confrontation Be tolerant “Pick your battles” Avoid seeing behavior as a rejection of parental love • Rebellious

  28. Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Own space Understanding Offer help – step back Open communication • Need for privacy

  29. Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Don’t overreact Reinforce reality Be consistent • Dishonesty

  30. Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Listen Expect uneven maturity Enc. decision making & responsibility Set reasonable rules • Responsibility

  31. Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Allow unexpected delays Enc phone contact Set example Socialize at home • Curfews

  32. Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Accept \ criticism Get to know them Avoid showing disapproval • Friends

  33. Psychosocial development: Puberty • Attitude • Happy  negative • h self-consciousness • Self-doubt • h time alone (room)  • Find new peers • Antagonism

  34. Psychosocial Development: Adolescence • Explore own values • Test them

  35. Ambivalence • Two opposing feelings at the same time • Mood swings • Love / hate family • Freedom/supervision • Wanting to be part of a group / wanting to be alone

  36. Emotions • Expressed feelings  behavior • Mood swings • Anger • Fears • Worries • Jealousy • Envy • Happiness

  37. Boredom • Daydreaming • Humor • “Biting” • Work / employment

  38. Age 13 - 14 • Hide feelings • Negative & hostile • Narrow perspective •  compromise

  39. Ages 15 - 16 • i self absorption • h compromise • h independent thinking • Discuss • Debate • Experimenting • h risk taking • h adventure • Dating

  40. Age 17 -19 • Serious • Idealistic • h Stress • Relationships • Family • “boy-friend” /“girl-friend” • Peers • Career

  41. Discipline • Clear rules • Set rules • Dating • Curfew • Open communication • Be realistic • Be available • Listen!

  42. Cognitive Development • Concrete thinking  (with training)  formal operational • Logical • Scientific reasoning • Problem solving • Look at all possibilities

  43. Moral Development • “Cognitive development is a prerequisite for moral reasoning” • Conventional Level • Follow rules • Show concern for others • Want to be trusted • BEGIN TO QUESTION EVERYTHING • Post conventional

  44. Communication • Verbal communication

  45. Nutrition • Caloric intake • ♀ • 2,600 / day • ♂ • 3,000 / day

  46. Key nutrients • Protein • 15% • Calcium • Iron

  47. Sleep & Rest • h need for sleep • 8 hours • Affects of poor sleep • Irritable • I school performance • iconcentration • h stress • h susceptibility to illness • Auto accidents

  48. University of Chicago Medical Center October 23, 1999 The Lancet. • “Chronic sleep loss can reduce the capacity of even young adults to perform basic metabolic functions, such as processing and storing carbohydrates or regulating hormone secretion… Cutting back from the standard eight down to four hours of sleep each night produced striking changes in glucose tolerance and endocrine function--changes that resembled the effects of advanced age or the early stages of diabetes--after less than one week.”

  49. Anorexia Nervosa • Eating + emotional disorder • Willful starvation • < minimum body weight • Fear of weight gain • Extreme dieting • Diet pills • Laxatives • Ipecac • Excessive exercise

  50. Bulimia • Binge & purge • loss of control

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